Thelma Terry
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Thelma Terry, nee Thelma Combes (September 30, 1901 - May 30, 1966) was an American bandleader and bassist during the 1920s and 1930s. She fronted Thelma Terry and Her Playboys and was the first American woman to lead a notable jazz orchestra as an instrumentalist.
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[edit] Early life
Thelma was born in Bangor, Michigan on September 30, 1901. Her parents divorced when she was very young and she moved with her mother to Chicago, where her mother was employed as a servant for the wealthy Runner family. When young Thelma was given the opportunity to receive musical training with the instrument of her choice, she chose to study the string bass. Her early years were spent on the road performing in Chatauqua assemblies.
After attending and graduating from Austin Union High School, Thelma earned First Chair in the Chicago Women's Symphony Orchestra. As this did not provide her with a living, she eventually turned to jazz, the new music style that was sweeping Chicago and the nation at the time.
[edit] In Chicago
In the early 1920s, Chicago had undergone a fateful transition. On one hand, the nation's second largest city at that time had become a war zone of gangster violence as criminals the likes of "Big Jim" Colisimo, Al Capone, and Bugs Moran fought for control of the city's illegal liquor trade worth hundreds of millions of dollars. On the other hand, Chicago had also become a mecca for many of the finest artists of jazz whom migrated north from New Orleans - the so called "Cradle of Jazz". Through her contacts at Austin Union, Thelma had found her way into Chicago night life. After playing in and around Chicago for some years, sometimes with her "all-girl" band ("Thelma Combes and her Volcanic Orchestra"), sometimes in a stringed quartet, she found her way into the house band of Al Capone's Colosimo's Restaurant in 1925. She played bass and sang at Colosimo's, sometimes on live radio.
In 1926 Thelma was hired to play at the Vanity Fair Cafe, where she met jazz guitarist Eddie Condon. Condon later said that he and Thelma frequently went out on the town together during the winter months of 1926 and 1927. He added that he was impressed by her beauty, her musicianship, and the fact that no matter where they went, even in the roughest parts of town, Thelma could find her own way home. Thelma's sister Helen disputed Condon's allegation that he and Thelma dated, but the family insists that his words capture Thelma's strength of character.
[edit] Bandleader
A stint at a local Chicago theater in the spring of 1927 and an article in Variety brought national attention to Thelma Combes. The newly formed Music Corporation of America took notice. They renamed her Thelma Terry and in April of 1927 organized for her an all-male band (including a very young Gene Krupa) called Thelma Terry and Her Playboys. Some sources state that the band's home was The Golden Pumpkin nightclub located at 3800 West Madison in Chicago, and that the Playboys may have been the house band. MCA billed Terry as "The Beautiful Blonde Siren of Syncopation", "The Jazz Princess", and "The Female Paul Whiteman". At least one musician, Bud Freeman, was so enthused by the quality of the band that he paid another musician to fill his seat in the Spike Hamilton Band so he could join the Playboys. The band was soon sent by MCA on a national tour that took them down the Eastern Seaboard and as far west as Kansas City.
Terry found the day-to-day work of acting as a bandleader difficult. Bill Otto, a pianist who recorded with her in Chicago, recalled that she was a beautiful woman (in his words, "even voluptuous"), and that he got along with her because (unlike other band members) he did not make unwelcome advances to her. She also found that the male musicians were unwilling to follow her directions, and that the work itself, and especially the travel, was lonely and difficult to withstand.
In 1929, MCA decided that Terry and her band would begin an international tour beginning in Berlin, Germany. However, by that time she had met Willie Haar, the owner of a Savannah, Georgia winter resort at which the band played during their 1929 tour[1]. Thelma disbanded the Playboys and quit MCA in order to marry Haar and settle down in Savannah.
[edit] Later life
Terry married Haar in 1929 and had a daughter, Patti, in 1931. She divorced Haar in 1936 and attempted to make a comeback in Chicago. Disappointed with her lack of success[2], Terry sold her string bass, turned her back on the music profession, and took a job as a knitting instructor. In the 1950s she moved to Michigan, where she met with Gene Krupa, the drummer for the Playboys. Krupa told her that he was sorry she was not mentioned in his 1959 biographical movie The Gene Krupa Story. She spent her last years with Patti and her family in Michigan.
Thelma Terry died on May 30, 1966 of throat cancer.
[edit] Discography
Like many jazz orchestras active in the 1920s, Thelma Terry and Her Playboys did not leave many recordings. Terry is known to have made six recordings, four in Chicago and two in New York City, between 1929 and 1931.
[edit] Footnotes
- ^ It is unknown whether this Willie Haar was the same person involved in the Savannah Four bootlegging investigation headed by Franklin Dodge of the Bureau of Investigation.
- ^ David Apolloni states that her lack of success may have had to do with her cavalier treatment of MCA in 1929, with the state of the music industry in the Depression, or with the fact that she chose to move to Chicago and not New York City.
[edit] External links and references
- Thelma Terry at the Combs-families.com website, written by David Apolloni
- Red Hot Jazz article on Thelma Terry including discography and links to her six known recordings
