The Voyage of the Beagle

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is about the book. For the expedition see second voyage of HMS Beagle

A watercolour by HMS Beagle's draughtsman, Conrad Martens. Painted during the survey of Tierra del Fuego, it depicts the Beagle being hailed by native Fuegians.

The Voyage of the Beagle is a title commonly given to the book written by Charles Darwin published in 1839 as his Journal and Remarks, which brought him considerable fame and respect. The title refers to the second survey expedition of the ship HMS Beagle, which set out on 27 December 1831 under the command of captain Robert FitzRoy.

While the expedition was originally planned to last two years, it lasted almost five–the Beagle did not return until 2 October 1836. Darwin spent most of this time exploring on land (three years and three months on land; 18 months at sea).

The book, also known as Darwin's Journal of Researches, is a vivid and exciting travel memoir as well as a detailed scientific field journal covering biology, geology, and anthropology that demonstrates Darwin's keen powers of observation, written at a time when Western Europeans were still discovering and exploring much of the rest of the world. Although Darwin revisited some areas during the expedition, for clarity the chapters of the book are ordered by reference to places and locations rather than chronologically. With hindsight, ideas which Darwin would later develop into his theory of evolution by natural selection are hinted at in his notes and in the book.

[edit] Publication of FitzRoy's narrative and Darwin's book

Darwin was invited by FitzRoy to contribute the natural history section to the captain's account of the Beagle's voyage, and using his field notes and the journal which he had been sending home for his family to read, completed this section by September 1837. As well as writing his own account of the voyage and the previous expedition of two ships, FitzRoy had to edit the notes of the previous captain of the Beagle. The account was completed and published in May 1839 as the Narrative of the Surveying Voyages of His Majesty's Ships Adventure and Beagle in four volumes. Volume one covers the first voyage under Commander Philip Parker King, volume two is FitzRoy's account of the second voyage. Darwin's Journal and Remarks, 1832—1836 forms the third volume, the fourth volume being a lengthy appendix. FitzRoy's account includes Remarks with reference to the Deluge in which he recanted his earlier interest in the geological writings of Charles Lyell and his remarks to a Darwin during the expedition that sedimentary features they saw "could never have been effected by a forty days' flood", asserting his renewed commitment to a literal reading of the Bible.^[1] He had married on the ship's return, and his wife was very religious.^[2]

Darwin's contribution proved remarkably popular and the publisher, Henry Colburn of London, took it upon himself to reissue the same text in August with a new title page as Journal of Researches into the Geology and Natural History of the various countries visited by H.M.S. Beagle apparently without seeking Darwin's permission or paying him a fee.

[edit] Later editions: changing ideas on evolution

The book went through many editions, and was subsequently published with several different titles. The best known was the second edition of 1845 which incorporated extensive revisions in the light of interpretation of the collections and developing ideas on evolution. This edition was commissioned by the publisher John Murray, who actually paid Darwin a fee.

In the first edition regarding the similarity of Galápagos wildlife to that on the South American continent, Darwin remarks "The circumstance would be explained, according to the views of some authors, by saying that the creative power had acted according to the same law over a wide area" in a reference to Charles Lyell's ideas of "centres of creation". He notes the gradations in size of the beaks of species of finches, suspects that species "are confined to different islands", "But there is not space in this work, to enter into this curious subject."

Later editions hint at his new ideas on evolution:

"Considering the small size of these islands, we feel the more astonished at the number of their aboriginal beings, and at their confined range... within a period geologically recent the unbroken ocean was here spread out. Hence, both in space and time, we seem to be brought somewhat near to that great fact – that mystery of mysteries – the first appearance of new beings on this earth."

Speaking of the finches with their gradations in size of beaks, he writes "one might really fancy that from an original paucity of birds in this archipelago, one species had been taken and modified for different ends."

[edit] Contents – where Darwin went

The book's list of contents outlines where Charles Darwin went (not in exact chronological sequence). See Second voyage of HMS Beagle for a detailed synopsis of Darwin's travels.

• Preface

1. St. Jago – Cape de Verd Islands
2. Saint Peter and Paul Rocks
3. Rio de Janeiro
4. Maldonado
5. Rio Negro to Bahia Blanca
6. Bahia Blanca
7. Bahia Blanca to Buenos Ayres
8. Buenos Ayres and St. Fe
9. Banda Oriental and Patagonia
10. Santa Cruz, Patagonia, and The Falkland Islands
11. Tierra del Fuego
12. Strait of Magellan. – Climate of the Southern Coasts
13. Central Chile
14. Chiloe and Chonos Islands
15. Chiloe and Concepcion: Great Earthquake
16. Passage of the Cordillera
17. Northern Chile and Peru
18. Galapagos Archipelago
19. Tahiti and New Zealand
20. Australia
21. Keeling Island: – Coral Formations
22. Mauritius to England

[edit] Notes

1. ^ A VERY FEW REMARKS WITH REFERENCE TO THE DELUGE., CHAPTER XXVIII of – FitzRoy, Robert (1839). Narrative of the surveying voyages of His Majesty's Ships Adventure and Beagle between the years 1826 and 1836, describing their examination of the southern shores of South America, and the Beagle's circumnavigation of the globe. Proceedings of the second expedition, 1831-36, under the command of Captain Robert Fitz-Roy, R.N.. London: Henry Colburn. See also Robert FitzRoy#HMS Beagle's second voyage.
2. ^ Desmond, Adrian, Moore, James (1991). Darwin. London: Michael Joseph, the Penguin Group. ISBN 0-7181-3430-3.

[edit] Sources

• Darwin, Charles (1989). Voyage of the Beagle. London: Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-043268-X.

[edit] External links

[edit] Full Texts

• The Voyage of the Beagle, available freely at Project Gutenberg
• full text, various formats

[edit] Other resources

• The Voyage of the Beagle and Darwin's explorations - a multi-page synopsis with superb maps.
• Bright Sparcs - The Journal of Syms Covington, Assistant to Charles Darwin Esq. on the Second Voyage of the HMS Beagle

[edit] See also

• Puerto Hambre