The United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil, and the Algarve
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The United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil, and the Algarve was a monarchy consisting of Portugal, Brazil, and the Algarve. It came into being when the Portuguese king John VI moved to its colony Brazil during the war with Napoleonic France in 1808. Its capital was Rio de Janeiro.
The instability in Europe led many Spanish colonies to declare their independence in this period. In 1822 the Brazilian regent Dom Pedro, son of John VI, followed this example, declared the Brazilian independence and became Emperor Pedro I of Brazil, which meant the end of this kingdom.
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