The Ink Spots
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| The Ink Spots | ||
|---|---|---|
| Background information | ||
| Origin | Indianapolis, Indiana, USA | |
| Genre(s) | Vocal | |
| Years active | 1930s - 1960s | |
| Label(s) | Victor, Decca | |
| Former members | ||
| Jerry Daniels, Bill Kenny, Charlie Fuqua, Ivory "Deek" Watson, Orville "Hoppy" Jones, Bernie Mackey, Billy Bowen, Cliff Givens, Herb Kenny | ||
The Ink Spots were a popular black vocal group that helped define the musical genre that led to rhythm & blues and rock and roll, and the subgenre doo-wop.[original research?] They and the Mills Brothers, another black vocal group of the 1930s and 1940s, gained much acceptance in the white community.
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[edit] Early years
The Ink Spots formed in Indianapolis in the early 1930s with members Jerry Daniels (a tenor who was replaced by the most famous member, Bill Kenny, in early 1936), baritone Charlie Fuqua, second tenor Ivory "Deek" Watson, and bass Orville "Hoppy" Jones. After a series of unsuccessful recordings for Victor Records and Decca Records, they had their first smash hit with "If I Didn't Care", on Decca in 1939. They released such other Decca singles as "When The Swallows Come Back To Capistrano" (1940), Whispering Grass (1940), Do I Worry (1940), Java Jive (1940), Shout, Brother, Shout (1942), Cow-Cow Boogie (1944 - with Ella Fitzgerald) I'm Making Believe (1944 - with Ella Fitzgerald) and The Gypsy (1946 - their biggest hit).
[edit] Splintering
Charlie Fuqua was drafted in 1944, and was replaced by Bernie Mackey. Hoppy Jones, an important personality to the group, died in late 1944, near the height of their popularity. Bill Kenny and Deek Watson then began feuding, leading to fragmentation in 1945, when Watson went on to form a group called the Brown Dots (which later became the 4 Tunes). He later formed a host of offshoot Ink Spots groups in the 1950s and 1960s. His place was taken in the original group by Billy Bowen, and Jones' by Cliff Givens (who was replaced after a short time by Herb Kenny, Bill's brother). Mackey left at this time and was briefly replaced by Huey Long.
Charlie Fuqua was discharged in 1945 and returned to the group later that year, replacing Huey Long. This lineup recorded into the early 1950s, when Herb Kenny left and was replaced by Adriel McDonald. Bowen left the next year and was replaced by Teddy Williams. Ernie Brown substitued for Williams for a short time. Fuqua parted with the group and was replaced first by Jimmy Cannady, then by Everett Barksdale. Fuqua would lead a separate Ink Spots group in the future.
Around 1954, Brown and Barksdale both left, making the group Bill Kenny, Adriel McDonald, new member Henry Braswell, and an unknown fourth member. At this point the group split. Braswell was out and would never tour with any Ink Spots groups. Bill Kenny sang solo, with an instrumental backing band (comprised of the returning Everett Barksdale, Harry Prather, and Andrew Maze). They toured as "Bill Kenny and his Ink Spots" through 1953. Kenny performed with Joe Boatner's Ink Spots in the summer of 1962. The group's pianist at the time of the split was Fletcher Smith, he would later perform in Orlando Roberson's Ink Spots.
The only other link to the original group was Adriel McDonald. He continued touring with a new group, comprised of the returning Huey Long, Walter Springer, and Orlando Roberson. Henry Baxter later replaced Springer. In the late 1950s, Roberson and Long were out (both would perform with and lead other Ink Spots groups), and former Clover John "Buddy" Bailey and Abel De Costa were in. McDonald and De Costa became the groups only consistent members through the 1960s. Bob Williams replaced Bailey and Jimmy McLin replaced Baxter. Later both were out, and William "Frosty" Pyles and former Raven Joe Van Loan were in. Then these two were replaced by Richard Lanham (later Grant Kitchlings) and Matt McKinney.
At this point, McDonald fell ill and the group split. [1] McDonald did not tour further with any Ink Spots groups. De Costa joined Bernie Mackey's group (which had already existed for some time). McKinney joined Bob Williams Ink Spots (new at this time). Kitchlings would join Mackey's group (at a later date than De Costa). Note, however, that several other members that had left the group at earlier times, notably Charlie Fuqua and Deek Watson, had started their own Ink Spots groups by this time.
Legitimate members of the Victor and Decca group included Jerry Daniels, Bill Kenny, Deek Watson, Charlie Fuqua, Hoppy Jones, Bernie Mackey, Huey Long, Cliff Givens, Billy Bowen, Herb Kenny, Adriel McDonald, Ernie Brown, Teddy Williams, Jimmy Cannady, Bob Benson, Asa "Ace" Harris, Bill Doggett, Ray Tunia, Harold Francis, Fletcher Smith, Henry Braswell, and Everett Barksdale. As far as is known, these are the only singers and accompanists who deserve to be called "original" Ink Spots (that is, those who were in the group that recorded for Victor and Decca), although dozens, possibly hundreds, of others have claimed that honor over the decades. Some singers have tenuous ties to Deek Watson's or Charlie Fuqua's offshoot groups; many, with no credentials whatever, just claim to be "original" members. As far as is known, the only surviving member of the Decca group in 2006 was Huey Long, who turned 102 in April of that year.
The Ink Spots were the subject of a 1998 book by Marv Goldberg: "More Than Words Can Say: The Ink Spots And Their Music". The group was inducted into the Vocal Group Hall of Fame in 1999.
[edit] Samples
- Download sample of "If I Didn’t Care", the first major hit for The Ink Spots.
[edit] Cultural use
- "If I Didn't Care" appears on the Blade Runner, Radio Days and The Shawshank Redemption soundtracks (in the case of the former, it is only used in the workprint edition, not on the final release). The song is often sung by Fred G. Sanford on the 70's television show Sanford and Son.
- The Ink Spots are impersonated by The Modernaires on the hit record "Juke Box Saturday Night" by Glenn Miller and His Orchestra; however, in order to prevent a lawsuit from the publishers of "If I Didn‘t Care," Miller had the Modernaires sing a similar original piece called "If I Didn‘t Know." "Juke Box Saturday Night," with the Ink Spots impersonation, was the last song performed by the Glenn Miller band on its last radio broadcast before being disbanded and Miller entered the U.S. Army Air Corps in 1942.
- The Ink Spots are known in certain gaming circles for their song "Maybe", which was used as the opening and closing music of the game Fallout. The song fit well with the underlying themes of the game, as well as echoing the feelings the player character feels after the ending.
- "Do I Worry" and "Into Each Life Some Rain Must Fall" (with Ella Fitzgerald) were used in the tv-series The Singing Detective.
- The song "Do I worry" also appeared in Martin Scorsese's film The Aviator and its soundtrack.
- The song "I Don't Want to Set the World on Fire" was used in the final segement of The Simpsons episode Treehouse of Horror XVII.
