Thallium(I) sulfate

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Thallium(I) sulfate

Other names	Thallous sulfate
Molecular formula	Tl₂SO₄
Molar mass	504.83 g/mol
CAS number	[7446-18-6]
Density	6.77 g/cm³
Solubility (water)	Soluble
Melting point	632 °C
Boiling point	? °C
EU classification	Highly toxic (T+) Dangerous for the environment (N)
R-phrases	R28, R38, R48/25, R51/53
S-phrases	S1/2, S13, S36/37, S45, S61
Disclaimer and references

Thallium(I) sulfate (Tl₂SO₄), archaically known as thallous sulfate, is the sulfate salt of thallium. It is colorless, odorless, and tasteless, but highly toxic.

1 Uses
2 Structure
3 Toxicity
4 Disposal
5 Availability
6 Sources
7 External links
8 External links

[edit] Uses

During the last two centuries, Tl₂SO₄ had been used for various medical treatments but was abandoned. In the latter 1900s it found use mainly for rodenticides. These applications were prohibited in 1975 in the US due to the nonselective nature of its toxicity. Thallium(I) sulfate inhibits the growth of plants by preventing germination. Tl₂SO₄ is mostly used today as a source of Tl⁺ in the research laboratory. It is a precursor to thallium sulfide (Tl₂S), which exhibits high electrical conductivity when exposed to infrared light.

[edit] Structure

Tl₂SO₄ adopts the same structure as K₂SO₄. In aqueous solution, the thallium(I) cations and the sulfate anions are separated and highly solvated. Thallium(I) sulfate crystals have a C₂ symmetry.

[edit] Toxicity

Thallium(I) sulfate is soluble in water and its toxic effects are derived from the thallium(I) cation. Since thallium sulfate is a simple powder with indistinctive properties, it can easily be mistaken for more innocuous chemicals. It can enter the body by ingestion, inhalation, or through contact with the skin. The thallium(I) cation is very similar to potassium and sodium cations, which are essential for life. After the thallium ion enters the cell, many of the processes that transport potassium and sodium are disrupted. Due to its poisonous nature, many western countries have banned the use of thallium sulfate in products for home use and many companies have also stopped using this compound.

A dosage in excess of 500 mg is reported as fatal. Thallium sulfate, after entering the body, concentrates itself in the kidneys, liver, brain, and other tissues in the body.

Thallium sulfate was used in Israel to control the rodent population; it is suspected that in the 1950s, this resulted in the disappearance of the Brown Fish Owl.

[edit] Disposal

Due to its extreme toxicity and innocuous appearance, transportation and disposal of thallium sulfate must be done with care. Full protection should be taken when transporting canisters. The containers themselves should be disposed of by burning or burial below soil level after rinsing and diluting any remaining compound. They should not be reused. Precautions should also be taken to make sure that disposal does not contaminate any ground water.