Template:Temperament2

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c. 400 B.C.	Hippocrates's four humours		blood	black bile	yellow bile	phlegm
-->		Season:	spring	autumn	summer	winter
-->		Element:	air	earth	fire	water
-->		Organ:	liver	spleen	gall bladder	brain/lungs
-->		Characteristics:	courageous, amorous	despondent, sleepless	easily angered	calm, unemotional
c. 325 B.C.	Aristotle's four sources of happiness		hedone (sensuous pleasure)	propraitari (acquiring assets)	ethikos (moral virtue)	dialogike (logical investigation)
c. 190 A.D.'	Galen's four temperaments		sanguine	melancholic	choleric	phlegmatic
c. 1550	Paracelsus's four totem spirits		changeable salamanders	industrious gnomes	inspired nymphs	curious sylphs
c. 1905	Adicke's four world views		innovative	traditional	doctrinaire	skeptical
c. 1914	Spränger's four value attitudes		artistic	economic	religious	theoretic
c. 1920	Kretchmer's four character styles		hypomanic	depressive	hyperesthetic	anesthetic
c. 1947	Erich Fromm's four orientations		exploitative	hoarding	receptive	marketing
c. 1958	Myers's cognitive function types		SP - sensory perception	SJ - sensory judgement	NF - intuitive feeling	NT - intuitive thinking
c. 1978	Keirsey's four temperaments		artisan	guardian	idealist	rational
c. 2006	Linda Berens Temperaments		Improviser	Stabilizer	Catalyst	Theorist
Keirsey, David [1978] (May 1, 1998). Please Understand Me II: Temperament, Character, Intelligence, 1st Ed., Prometheus Nemesis Book Co. ISBN 1885705026.
Berens, Linda [2006] (Nov 2, 2006). Understanding Yourself and Others®: An Introduction to the 4 Temperaments--3.0, 1st Ed., Telos Publications. ISBN 097437511X.