Synthetic cubism
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Synthetic Cubism was the third main branch of Cubism (the earlier being Analytic cubism and Hermetic Cubism) developed by Picasso, Braque, Juan Gris and others between 1912 and 1919. It was seen as the first time that collage had been made as a fine art work.
The first work of this new style was Picasso's Still Life with Chair-caning (1911-1912), which included oil cloth pasted on the canvas, and the letters "JOU" - which appeared in many cubist paintings. "JOU" may refer to a newspaper titled "Le Journal" - clippings of which were a common inclusion in this style of cubism, whereby physical pieces of newspaper, sheet music, etc. were included in the collages. JOU can at the same time be a pun on the french word(s) for "game" or "play": "jeu" and "jouer" respectively. Picasso and Braque had a constant friendly competition with each other and including the letters in their works may have been an extension of their game.
Whereas analytic cubism was an analyzation of the subjects (pulling them apart into planes), synthetic is more of a pushing several objects together. Picasso, through this movement, is the first to use Text in his artwork (to flatten the space), and the use of mix media - using more than one type of medium in the same piece. Opposed to analytic cubism, synthetic cubism has less planar shifts (or schematism), and less shading, creating flatter space.
Another technique used was called papier collé, or stuck paper, which Braque used in his collage Fruit Dish and Cards. (1913)
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