Swamp buffalo rumen ecology

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Swamp buffalo rumen ecology, the rumen of swamp/ buffalo is important and quite distinctive from other rumen of other ruminants. The rumen consists of essential microorgnisms namely bacteria, protozoa and fungi which digests the feeds to produce fermentaion-end products via anaerobic fermentation or Embden-Myerhof parnas pathway. It has been found in the buffalo rumen to contain higher population of bacteria particularly the cellulolytic bacteria, lower protozoa and higher fungi zoospores. In addition, higher rumen ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N)and higher pH have been found as compared to those in cattle. Manipulation of swmap buffalo will enhance rumen fermentation and subsequent uses of the ruminant hosts.