Suryakant Tripathi 'Nirala'
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Suryakant Tripathi 'Nirala' (सूर्यकांत त्रिपाठी 'निराला') (January 22, 1896-October 15, 1961) was one of the most famous figures of the modern Hindi literature. He was a poet, novelist, essayist and story-writer. He also drew many sketches.
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[edit] Life
Suryakant Tripathi 'Nirala', one of the most significant poets of modern Hindi, was born on 22 January 1896 in a Brahmin family of Midnapore in Bengal. Though a student of Bengali, Nirala took keen interest in Sanskrit from the very beginning. In time, through his natural intelligence and acquired knowledge, he became an authority on various languages – Bengali, English, Sanskrit, and Hindi.
Nirala's life, barring short periods, was one long sequence of misfortunes and tragedies. His father, Pandit Ramsahaya Tripathi was a government servant and was a tyrannical person. His mother died when he was very young. Nirala was educated in the Bengali medium. However, after passing matriculation exam, he continued his education at home by reading Sanskrit and English literature. Thereon he shifted to Lucknow and then to Village Gadhakola of District Unnao, to which his father originally belonged. He was well versed in Hindi, Bangla, English & Sanskrit and was greatly inspired by Ramakrishna Paramhans, Swami Vivekananda & Ravindra Nath Tagore. After his marriage at a young age, Nirala learnt Hindi at the insistence of his wife, Anohar Devi. Soon, he started writing poems in Hindi, instead of Bengali. After a bad childhood, Nirala had few good years with his wife. But this phase was short-lived as his wife died when he was 20, and later his daughter (who was a widow) also expired. He also went through a financial crunch. During this phase, he worked for many publishers, worked as proof-reader and also edited Samanvaya. Most of his life was somewhat in the Bohemian tradition. Since he was more or less a rebel, both in form and content, acceptance didn't come easily. What he got in plenty was ridicule and derision. All this must have played a role in making him a victim of Schizophrenia in his later life. His wrote strongly against social injustice & exploitation in the society.
Nirala died in Allahabad on 15 October 1961. The world of Hindi literature is remarkable for ideological and aesthetic divisions. But today, the same reviled Nirala is one of the very few people in Hindi literature who are admired and respected by almost all, across all divisions.
[edit] Work
Nirala pioneered the Chhayawad (छायावाद) movement along with Jaishankar Prasad, Sumitranandan Pant (सुमित्रानंदन पंत) and Mahadevi Varma (महादेवी वर्मा). Nirala's Parimal (परिमल) and Anaamika (अनामिका) are considered as the original Chhayavaadi Hindi literature. He was unrecognized during his life. His style of poetry, revolutionary for his time, often was unpublished due to its unconventional nature. He voiced his protest against exploitation through his verses. He amalgamated Vedantism, nationalism, mysticism, and love for nature and progressive humanist ideals in his works. The sources of his themes include history, religion, nature, Puranas and contemporary social and political questions. He initiated the use of blank verse in his poems. He introduced aesthetic sense, love of nature, personal viewpoint and freedom of form and content in writing which went on to become the chief tenets of Chhayawad. His multifaceted genius, which ushered in a new style of poetry, acquired him a pseudonym, Nirala (unique). His poem Saroj Smriti is one of the greatest, showing his emotions and sentiments for his daughter.
His thinking was influenced by Sri Ramakrishna Paramahansa and Swami Vivekananda and in the literary field by Michael Mudhusudan Dutt and Rabindranath Tagore.
[edit] Complete list of works
Poetry (काव्य)
- Saroj Smriti
- Parimal (परिमल)
- Anaamika (अनामिका)
- Geetika (गीतिका)
- Kukurmutta (कुकुरमुत्ता)
- Adima (आदिम)
- Bela (बेला)
- Naye Patte (नये पत्ते)
- Archana (अर्चना)
- Aradhana (आराधना)
- Tulsidas (तुलसीदास)
- Janmabhumi (जन्मभूमि)
Novels (उपन्यास)
- Apsara (अपसरा)
- Alka (अलका)
- Prabhavati (प्रभावती)
- Nirupama (निरुपमा)
- Chameli (चमेली)
- Choti ki Pakar (चोटी कि पकड़)
- Uchchhrankhalta
- Kale Karname (काले कारनामें)
Story-collections (कहानी संग्रह)
- Chhaturi Chamar (छतुरी चमार)
- Sukul ki Biwi (सुकुल कि बीवी)
- Sakhi (सखी)
- Lily (लिलि)
- Devi (देवी)
Essay-collections (निबंध संग्रह)
- Prabandha-Parichaya (प्रबंध परिचय)
- Prabandha-Pratibha (प्रबंध प्रतिभा)
- Bangbhasha ka Uchcharan (बंगभाषा का उच्चारण)
- Ravindra-Kavita-Kannan (रविंद्र कविता कानन)
- Prabandh-Padya (प्रबंध पद्य)
- Prabandh-Pratima (प्रबंध प्रतिमा)
- Chabuk (चाबुक)
- Chayan (छायां)
- Sangrah (संग्रह)
Prose (पद्य)
- Kullibhat (कुल्लीभात)
- Billesur Bakriha (बिल्लेसुर बकरिहा)
Translations (अनुवाद)
- Anand Math (आनंद मठ)
- Vish-Vriksh (विष व्रक्ष)
- Krishna kant ka Vil (क्रष्ण कांत का विल)
- Kapal Kundala (कपाल कुण्डल)
- Durgesh Nandini (दुरगेश नन्दिनी)
- Raj Singh (राज सिंह)
- Raj Rani (राज रानी)
- Devi Chaudharani (देवी चौधरानी)
- Yuglanguliya (युगलांगुल्य)
- Chandrasekhar (चन्द्रशेखर)
- Rajni (रजनी)
- Sri Ramkrishna Vachnamrit (श्री रामक्रष्ण वच्नाम्रत)
- Bhatrat Main Vivekanand (भरत में विवेकानंद)
- Rajyog (राजयोग)
[edit] Nirala's Poetry in Indian Cinema
Nirala's poem"Himmat Karne Walon Ki Har Nahi Hoti" (Those who have courage never fail) was depicted as the favorite poem of the main character in a recent Hindi Film "Maine Gandhi Ko Nahin Mara" (2005) Yashraj Films played and produced by Anupam Kher. (Also see IMDB Database)
