Surveyor 2

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Surveyor 2
Surveyor 2
Organization: NASA
Major Contractors: Hughes Aircraft
Mission Type: Lunar Science
Satellite of: Moon
Launch: September 20, 1966 12:32:00 UTC
Launch Vehicle: Atlas-Centaur
Decay: Impacted on moon
September 23, 1966,
03:18:00 UTC
at 4.0° S - 11.0° W.
Mission Duration: 62 hours 46 minutes
Mass: 292 kg after fuel used
NSSDC ID: 1966-084A
Webpage: NASA NSSDC Master Catalog
Orbital elements
Semimajor axis: N/A
Eccentricity: N/A
Inclination: N/A
Orbital Period: N/A
Apogee: N/A
Perigee: N/A
Orbits: Lunar impact.
Instruments
Television  : transmit closeup pictures of the lunar surface

Surveyor 2 was the second American lunar lander in the Surveyor program that explored the Moon.

A mid-course correction failure resulted in the spacecraft tumbling and losing control. The spacecraft was targeted at Sinus Medii, but crashed near Copernicus crater.

This spacecraft was the second of a series designed to achieve a soft landing on the moon and to return lunar surface photography for determining characteristics of the lunar terrain for Apollo lunar landing missions. It was also equipped to return data on radar reflectivity of the lunar surface, bearing strength of the lunar surface, and spacecraft temperatures for use in the analysis of lunar surface temperatures. The target area proposed was within Sinus Medii. The Atlas-Centaur had placed Surveyor 2 on a path to the moon that was only 130 km from its aim point. During the midcourse correction maneuver, one vernier engine failed to ignite, resulting in an unbalanced thrust that caused the spacecraft to tumble. Attempts to salvage the mission failed. Contact was lost with the spacecraft at 9:35 UTC, September 22. The spacecraft impacted the lunar surface at 03:18 UTC, September 23, 1966.

Surveyor 2, similar in design to its predecessor, was aimed for a lunar softlanding in Sinus Medii. During the coast to the Moon, at 05:00 UT on 21 September, one of three thrusters failed to ignite for a 9.8- second midcourse correction and thus put the spacecraft into an unwanted spin. Despite as many as thirty-nine repeated attempts to fire the recalcitrant thruster, the engine failed to ignite, and Surveyor 2 headed to the Moon without proper control. Just 30 seconds after retro-fire ignition at 09:34 UT on September 22, communications fell out, and the lander crashed on to the surface of the Moon at 5°30' north latitude and 12° west longitude, just southeast of Copernicus crater.

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Surveyor Surveyor 3 visited by Apollo 12 astronaut Charles Conrad Jr.
Previous mission:  Surveyor 1 Next mission:  Surveyor 3
Surveyor 1 | Surveyor 2 | Surveyor 3 | Surveyor 4 | Surveyor 5 | Surveyor 6 | Surveyor 7

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