Sun Shangxiang
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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| Names | |
|---|---|
| Name in Sanguo Zhi: |
Lady Sun (孫夫人) |
| Name in Hanjin Chunqiu: |
Sun Renxian (孫仁獻) |
| Name in Romance of the Three Kingdoms: |
Sun Ren (孫仁) |
| Name in Beijing opera: |
Sun Shangxiang (孫尚香) |
| Other names: | Bow-waist Beauty (弓腰姬) |
Lady Sun, or most famously Sun Shangxiang (Traditional Chinese: 孫尚香; Simplified Chinese: 孙尚香; pinyin: Sūn Shàngxiāng) as she is called in Chinese opera and in contemporary culture, lived during the Three Kingdoms era of ancient China. She was the only daughter of Sun Jian, warlord of Eastern Wu. She had four brothers, the most notable being the two eldest, Sun Ce and Sun Quan, both of whom subsequently became rulers of Wu. She is often depicted as a tomboy, as she had extensive martial arts training and her maidservants all wield weapons, which is strange for her time.
She is wed to Liu Bei as his third wife, supposedly to secure the alliance between Sun Quan and Liu Bei. When Liu Bei turned west to attack the land of Sichuan, Sun Quan sent ships to bring her back.
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[edit] Life
Sister of the founding Emperor of Wu (Sun Quan), Lady Sun was the only recorded daughter of Sun Jian and Lady Wu. Sun Jian had two other daughters, older than Sun Shang Xiang, who were recorded. One daughter was married to Hong Zi and highly respected the abilities of Zhuge Jin. The other was bore by a Lady Chen, who possibly was a concubine, and married Pan Mi.
Although history never recorded the given name of Lady Sun (or any of her sisters), in legends, she is commonly referred by the name Sun Shang Xiang. She was a woman of strong personality and this is shown in events throughout her life. The biography of Fa Zheng tells that she had the courage and energy of her brothers.
In 209 CE, she was given to Liu Bei to marry as a part of an alliance between Sun Quan and Liu Bei. At the time, Lady Sun was a little over twenty years of age but because of the marriage, she took general control over his household as well as guardianship over his son and heir Liu Shan. This is because both of Liu Bei’s former wives had already died of natural causes. Because Lady Sun was accompanied by more than a hundred female attendants, all of whom are capable of bearing arms, whenever Liu Bei visited her, he trembled for his life. No children are recorded between them.
However, two years later in 211 CE, there was tension within the Sun-Liu Alliance over the affairs of Jingzhou. It was at this time when Lady Sun returned to her brother’s court. According to Zhao Yun’s biography, Lady Sun attempted to take Liu Shan with her but was stopped by himself and Zhang Fei. It was through negotiations that Lady Sun surrendered the young heir to the two generals before she journeyed downriver to the Southlands. It is through this action where the marriage effectively ended.
[edit] In Romance of the Three Kingdoms
In the novel, she is named Sun Ren (孫仁), possibly a corruption of her name Sun Renxian (孫仁獻) as recorded in the unofficial history Hanjin Chunqiu.
The Eastern Wu ruler, Sun Quan, invited Liu Bei, ruler of Jingzhou at the time, to travel to Wu. Liu Bei was told that the purpose of the visit was to marry Sun Shang xiang and to strengthen their alliance with the deed. However, the marriage proposal turned out to be a nearly lethal trap created by strategist, Zhou Yu. The plan was to lure Liu Bei into Wu unarmed, and then hold him against his will. In turn, Wu would demand Jingzhou as a ransoming price. Luckily, Liu Bei got word of the plot early on and fled back to Shu with Sun Shangxiang. But on the way back, the two were stopped by Wu guards that had orders to recapture Liu Bei at all costs. Sun Shangxiang's tearful scolding was what enabled the couple to escape freely. It is believed that Sun Shangxiang fell in love with Liu Bei hereafter.
After the first plan failed, Sun Quan spread fake news that Lady Wu, Sun Shangxiang's mother, was extremely ill and wished to see her daughter and step-grandson, Liu Shan. Sun Quan planned to then capture Liu Shan and hold him captive, once more asking for Jingzhou in return for the boy's freedom. Very distressed, Sun Shangxiang attempted to leave with her stepson. However, Zhao Yun blocked the way and retrieved Liu Shan. Undeterred, Sun Shangxiang travelled on back to Wu where she would remain. Upon learning of Liu Bei's death at the Battle of Yiling, she rode out to a forest and threw herself in a river. There is no historical record of this event.
Her character in the novel is very fiery and determined.
[edit] Modern references
Sun Shangxiang appears in the popular Koei video game series, Dynasty Warriors, where she is armed with a pair of wind and fire wheels (sometimes referred to as chakrams, although a chakram is also an Indian throwing weapon). Indeed, her weapons are named the "Sol Chakrams," although is still unknown if Sun Shang Xiang actually used weapons or participated in any major battles of the era. She is portrayed as a spirited and confident young woman, who cares deeply for her father and brothers. She is generally encountered on the front lines in battle, and is relatively easy to defeat, due to her lack of range in combat. She is, however, very fast, and slower characters will find it difficult to escape her, which can be dangerous for a badly injured character. In Dynasty Warriors 5, Sun Shang Xiang shows her passion for Liu Bei in her "Musou Mode," she meets him during the pursuit of Cao Cao, after his defeat at the Battle of Chibi. The ending scene of her Musou mode includes her kneeling beside her dying husband Liu Bei. She holds his hand as he looks up at her and then dies in her arms, she then swears an oath to live a life worthy of his memory. She seems to love her family more than him, as she says she is loyal to her father, brothers and Wu.
[edit] References
- Chen, Shou. Sanguo Zhi
- Luo, Guanzhong. Romance of the Three Kingdoms
- de Crespigny, Rafe. Generals of the South
