Stone row

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View of the megalithic complex at Knocknakilla, with a stone row shown behind a 3.5m portal stone.

A stone row (or stone alignment), is a linear arrangement of upright, parallel standing stones set at intervals along a common axis or series of axes, usually dating from the later Neolithic or Bronze Age. Rows may be individual or grouped, and three or more stones alined can constitute a stone row. They differ from a prehistoric avenue, in that the stones are always in a broadly straight line rather than following a more curving route. Stone rows can be few metres or several kilometres in length and made from stones that can be as tall as 2m, although 1m high stones are more common. The terminals of many rows have the largest stones and other megalithic features are sometimes sited at the ends, especially burial cairns.

The stones are placed at intervals and may vary in height along the sequence, to provide a gradated appearance, though it is not known whether this was done deliberately. Stone rows were erected by the later Neolithic and Bronze Age peoples in the British Isles, parts of Scandinavia and northern France.

The most famous example is the Carnac stones, a complex of stone rows around Carnac in Brittany. Others include the row at Stall Down on Dartmoor and the Hill O Many Stanes in Caithness. In Britain they are exclusively found in isolated moorland areas.

The term alignment is sometimes taken to imply that the rows were placed purposely in relation to other factors such as other monuments or topographical or astronomical features. Archaeologists treat stone rows as discrete features however and alignment refers to the stones being lined up with one another rather than anything else.

Their purpose is thought to be religious or ceremonial perhaps marking a processual route. Another theory is that each generation would erect a new stone to contribute to a sequence that demonstrated a people's continual presence.