Stinson Aircraft Company
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| Stinson Aircraft Company | |
| Type | Corporation |
|---|---|
| Founded | 1920 |
| Headquarters | Dayton, Ohio |
| Key people | "Eddie" Stinson, founder |
| Industry | General Aviation |
The Stinson Aircraft Company was an aircraft manufacturing company in the United States between the 1920s and the 1950s.
Contents |
[edit] The Company
The Stinson Aircraft Company was founded in Dayton, Ohio, in 1920 by aviator Edward “Eddie” Stinson. After five years of business ventures, Stinson made Detroit, Michigan the focus for his future flying endeavors. Stinson found Detroit's business community receptive to his plans. A group of local businessmen — the Detroit Board of Commerce's Aviation Committee — supported Stinson's plans to establish the Stinson Aircraft Syndicate in 1925 at a site southwest of Detroit, where today's Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport is located, and provided $25,000 to develop a new monoplane; the Stinson SM-1 Detroiter made its first flight on January 25, 1926, and became an overnight success that enabled Stinson to quickly assemble $150,000 in public capital to incorporate the Stinson Aircraft Corporation on May 4, 1926. Always an aviator at heart, Eddie Stinson was still flying as a stunt pilot, earning $100,000 a year for his efforts — a huge sum in those days. Stinson Aircraft Corporation sold 10 SM-1 Detroiters in 1926. Business was steadily increasing, and Stinson delivered 121 aircraft in 1929.
Automobile mogul Errett Lobban (E.L.) Cord acquired 60 percent of Stinson's stock in September 1929, and his Cord Corporation provided additional investment capital to permit Stinson to sell its aircraft at a competitive price while still pursuing new designs. At the height of the Depression in 1930, Stinson offered six aircraft models, ranging from the four-seat Junior to the Stinson 6000 trimotor airliner.
Eddie Stinson did not live to enjoy the success of his company. He died in an air crash in Chicago, Illinois on January 26, 1932, while on a sales trip. At the time of his death at age 38, Stinson had acquired more than 16,000 hours of flight time — more than any other pilot at the time.
The Stinson name did not last much past the end of World War II. Eddie Stinson's tragic death accelerated the assimilation of Stinson Aircraft Corporation into larger corporate entities: first by Cord Corporation, then by Aviation Corporation (AVCO), and later by Consolidated Vultee. By 1950 the Stinson company was sold to the Piper Aircraft Corporation, which continued to produce 108s for a limited time. Piper transformed an original Stinson design (the "Twin Stinson") into the successful Piper Apache, the world's first general aviation all-metal twin engine modern aircraft.
[edit] The Aircraft
[edit] The Stinson SM-1 Detroiter
The six-seat Stinson SM-1 Detroiter made its first flight on January 25, 1926 — the first fixed-wing aircraft with a heated, soundproof cabin, electric starter, and wheel brakes. Stable in flight, the Detroiter became an overnight success.
[edit] The Stinson SM-2 Junior
Soon after the SM-1 Detroiter hit the market, Stinson started refining the basic design. The Stinson SM-2 Junior, a three- or four-seat high-wing cabin monoplane designed for both business and personal flight, soon followed.
[edit] Depression-Era Aircraft
At the height of the Depression in 1930, Stinson offered six aircraft models, ranging from the four-seat Junior to the Stinson 6000 trimotor airliner.
Two new Stinson designs — the 1931 Stinson Model W and the 1932 Stinson Model R-2/3 — were powered by Wright or Lycoming radial engines and combined dependable performance with a luxurious cabin. These two models were the ancestors of the most famous of the Stinson line — the Reliant, first introduced in 1933.
From 1933 to 1941, Stinson delivered 1,327 Reliants—ranging from the SR-1 through the SR-10 — each variation building upon its predecessor with upgraded engines and design refinements. The Stinson Reliant SR-10, introduced in 1938, was considered the ultimate, featuring leather upholstery, walnut instrument panels, and automobile-style roll-down windows.
[edit] The Model 105 Voyager/L-5 Sentinel
Another popular Stinson aircraft was the Model 105 Voyager, also called the HW-75,, a three-passenger aircraft featuring a strut-braced wing mounted on the top of the fuselage and capable of flying at about 120 miles per hour (193 kilometers per hour). Introduced in 1939, Stinson sold 535 Voyagers in 1939 and 1940 before World War II intervened and the Stinson aircraft line was adapted for an important mission.
The 105 Voyager became the U.S. Army's L-5 Sentinel. It remains one of the most used, and least recognized, U.S. aircraft of the Second World War. Serving as a short field takeoff and landing liaison aircraft, the L-5 Sentinel supported missions such as artillery spotting, medical evacuation, aerial reconnaissance, and passenger transport. Stinson delivered more than 3,590 of the versatile Sentinels between 1942 and 1945 under a variety of designations. A few prewar Voyagers were commandeered for wartime use and designated the AT-19/L-9.
The U.S. Navy and Marine Corps received 458 Sentinels transferred from the Army, designating their models as the OY-1 and OY-2, while two versions went to the British Royal Air Force as the Sentinel Mk. I and Sentinel Mk. II. After the war, most Sentinels were sold for surplus, but a number of aircraft (now designated the U-19) served in the Korean conflict. A few Sentinels remained in active military service until the late 1950s.
[edit] The SR-10 Reliant
The Stinson SR-10 Reliant was also transformed for use in World War II as the UC-81, used by the U.S. Army as a utility aircraft, and the AT-19/V-77, used by the British Royal Navy for a passenger transport, instrument trainer and photo-reconnaissance aircraft.
[edit] The Stinson 108
The last Stinson aircraft design produced was the Stinson 108, an immediate post-World War II design competing against contemporaneous aircraft from Pipers and Cessnas. Although slow and ponderous, it featured a huge cabin, luxurious amenities and had an impressive payload capacity.
[edit] References
- "Stinson Aircraft Corporation" by Roger Guillemette, US Centennial of Flight Commission, retrieved January 6, 2006
