Stadion Dziesięciolecia
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Stadion Dziesięciolecia (Polish for 10th Anniversary Stadium) is the biggest stadium in Warsaw and one of the biggest in Poland. During the years of People's Republic of Poland it was one of the most advertised construction sites and one of the main places where party and state festivals were held. The stadium is now dilapidated and is used as a bazaar pending plans for redevelopment of the site.
[edit] History
In 1953 the Association of Polish Architects held an open contest for the project of an "Olympic Stadium for the city of Warsaw". It was won by the team led by Jerzy Hryniewiecki, Zbigniew Ihnatowicz, and Jerzy Sołtan and later the same year the construction was started. The stadium was constructed mostly with rubble from buildings destroyed during the Warsaw Uprising of 1944.
The project involved the construction of an open air oval-shaped Olympic stadium: it contains a football pitch and a 400-metre racing track. Theoretically the terraces with wooden benches provided seats for 71,008 people, but during the biggest festivals organised there it accommodated more than 100,000 spectators. In addition, the stadium was equipped with a practice field, a small sports dome, 900 parking spaces and was surrounded by a park. The stadium was also connected to a nearby bus station and a railway station opened specifically for the transport of spectators.
Soon after its opening, it became Poland's national stadium. It housed most important international football matches and athletics competitions, as well as communist party galas, concerts, and commemorative festivals. In addition, it served as the final lap of the Peace Race. In 1968, it was the site of Ryszard Siwiec's self-immolation in protest at the invasion of Czechoslovakia during a propaganda festival.
In 1983, due to technical problems, the stadium was abandoned. In 1989 it was rented by the City of Warsaw to a company that turned the stadium into an outdoor market known as Jarmark Europa, which soon became one of the biggest bazaars in the world. With over 5000 traders (and many more unregistered; a large number of traders are from other countries) it is the biggest facility of its kind in Poland. Official figures state an annual turnover of 500 million zloty, which is generally believed to be an underestimate.
The top tier of the market is full of vendors of such items as clothing, souvenirs, and pirated CDs and movies. Police say the market is the main selling point for black market goods in the country. Between 1995 and 2001 more than 25,000 traders were prosecuted, while approximately 10 million pirated CDs and video tapes were confiscated. It is commonly believed that this was simply the tip of the iceberg. Amongst the English-speaking community in Warsaw the stadium is often referred to as the "Russian market".
The black market aspect of the stadium, with all its shady dealings, illegal producs, and in particular the weapons, has made it into mainstream media of which one example is the suspense novel by Jack King: The Fifth Internationale.
[edit] Future plans
Currently, the City of Warsaw is preparing a revitalisation plan for the stadium, once again turning it into a sports facility: In place of the current stadium and its environs they intend to build a new National Stadium accommodating 70,000 spectators. It is to be built during 2007-2010, and it is to be one of the stadiums hosting the Euro 2012 (assuming that Poland and Ukraine win their joint bid for the 2012 European Championship in football). Adjoining the new stadium there are to be erected the following structures: a new railway station "Stadion", a modern hotel, an Olympic swimming pool, a meeting hall and a metro station "Stadion" on a yet-to-be built subway line. During the European Championship itself the following matches are to be played at the stadium: the opening match, group matches, a quarterfinal and a semifinal.
[edit] See also
- Jarmark Europa: official site (in Polish)
- Jarmark Europa in the Wprost weekly magazine (in Polish)
