St. Petersburg Philharmonic Orchestra

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The St. Petersburg Philharmonic Orchestra was formed in 1882 and is Russia 's oldest symphony orchestra.

It was initially known as the "Imperial Music Choir" and performed privately for the court of Alexander III of Russia. By the 1900s it had started to give public performances. Richard Strauss conducted the orchestra in 1912.

After the Russian Revolution the orchestra was taken over by its members, who changed the name to the "State Philharmonic Orchestra of Petrograd". In the 1920s the orchestra began receiving support from the state, and began to be known internationally as an excellent orchestra. Guest conductor appearances were made by Bruno Walter, Ernest Ansermet and Hans Knappertsbusch at this time. Around this time orchestra was renamed the Leningrad Philharmonic Orchestra.

The orchestra gained most fame under the long music directorship of Evgeny Mravinsky. In particular, the incredible intensity and accuracy achieved by its violin section was unique, although the quality was diminished after the emigration of Jewish musicians to the west was permitted. The orchestra made few tours to the West, but those it did make were revelatory. The amazing results achieved by Mravinsky have been preserved on many studio and live recordings. Under Mravinsky, the orchestra premiered eight of Shostakovich's symphonies.

In 1991 the orchestra gained its current name after its home city returned to its original name of St Petersburg. Today it is an internationally recognized symphony orchestra under the directorship of Yuri Temirkanov.