Spiny rat

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iSpiny rats Fossil range: Late Oligocene - Recent
Isothrix bistriata
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Rodentia Suborder: Hystricomorpha Family: Echimyidae Gray, 1825
Genera
†Cercomys †Maruchito †Paulacoutomys †Willidewu †Adelphomys †Deseadomys †Paradelphomys †Stichomys †Xylechimys Dactylomys Kannabateomys Olallamys †Boromys †Brotomys †Heteropsomys †Puertoricomys †Acarechimys †Chasichimys †Eumysops Lonchothrix Mesomys †Palaeoechimys †Pampamys †Pattersomys †Protacaremys †Protadelphomys †Sallamys Proechimys Thrichomys Trinomys Carterodon Clyomys Euryzygomatomys Callistomys Diplomys Echimys Isothrix Makalata Pattonomys Phyllomys Santamartamys

The spiny rats are a group of hystricognath rodents in the family Echimyidae. They are distributed from central Central America through much of South America. They were also found in the West Indies until the 1800s. Some authorities consider the nutria from southern and central South America to be a part of this family.

[edit] Characteristics

Overall, most spiny rats resemble spined rats although they are more closely related to guinea pigs and chinchillas. Most species have stiff pointed hairs that allow for protection.

Many echimyids can break off their tails when attacked. This action confuses predators long enough for the animal to escape. Unlike lizards, however, the tail of spiny rats does not regenerate. This technique can obviously be used only once in each individual's lifetime.

Most spiny rats are rare and poorly known, but a few are extremely abundant. Terrestrial, arboreal, and fossorial members of this family exist. Most species do not do well in conditions of high heat and aridity and are restricted to regions with an abundant source of water. They are almost exclusively herbivorous.

The Thin-spined Porcupine, Chaetomys subspinosus, is often included in the Echimyidae due to similarities in the premolar.

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[edit] Genera

• Family Echimyidae - spiny rats
  • †Cercomys
  • †Maruchito
  • †Paulacoutomys
  • †Willidewu
  • Subfamily †Adelphomyinae
    • †Adelphomys
    • †Deseadomys
    • †Paradelphomys
    • †Stichomys
    • †Xylechimys
  • Subfamily Dactylomyinae
    • Dactylomys - coro-coros
    • Kannabateomys - Rato de Taquara
    • Olallamys
  • Subfamily †Heteropsomyinae - extinct West Indian echimyids
    • †Boromys
    • †Brotomys
    • †Heteropsomys
    • †Puertoricomys
  • Subfamily Eumysopinae
    • †Acarechimys
    • †Chasichimys
    • †Eumysops
    • Lonchothrix
    • Mesomys
    • †Palaeoechimys
    • †Pampamys
    • †Pattersomys
    • †Protacaremys
    • †Protadelphomys
    • †Sallamys
    • Proechimys - spiny rats
    • Thrichomys - Punaré
    • Trinomys
    • Tribe Euryzygomatomyini
      • Carterodon
      • Clyomys
      • Euryzygomatomys - Guiara
  • Subfamily Echimyinae
    • Callistomys
    • Diplomys
    • Echimys - arboreal spiny rats
    • Isothrix - toros
    • Makalata
    • Pattonomys
    • Phyllomys
    • Santamartamys

[edit] References

• Emmons, L.H. 2005. A Revision of the Genera of Arboreal Echimyidae (Rodentia: Echimyidae, Echimyinae), With Descriptions of Two New Genera. Pp. 247-310 in Lacey, E.A. & Myers, P. 2005. Mammalian Diversification: From Chromosomes to Phylogeography (A Celebration of the Career of James L. Patton). University of California Publications in Zoology.
• Nowak, R. M. 1999. Walker's Mammals of the World, Vol. 2. Johns Hopkins University Press, London.