Spatial aliasing

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A properly scaled down image of a brick wall
Enlarge
A properly scaled down image of a brick wall
An improperly scaled down image of a brick wall exhibits a Moiré pattern
Enlarge
An improperly scaled down image of a brick wall exhibits a Moiré pattern

Spatial aliasing is insufficient sampling of data along the space axis. This difficulty is so universal, that all migration methods must consider it.

Data must be sampled at more than two points per wavelength, or the wave arrival direction becomes ambiguous.

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