Southern Rhodesian general election, 1924
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The Southern Rhodesia general election of April 29, 1924 was the first election to the Legislative Assembly of Southern Rhodesia following the grant of responsible government to the colony. It saw a comprehensive victory for the Rhodesia Party, which had been formed by the supporters of responsible government, who won 26 out of the 30 seats.
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[edit] Franchise
The Letters Patent granting the colony the right to self-government in 1923 made no change to the pre-existing franchise. The law provided that voters must have been resident in Southern Rhodesia for at least six months, and have the ability to complete the claim form for the electoral register in their own handwriting if the registrar required, and to write from dictation 50 words in the English language. In addition, voters had to meet one of three criteria for their financial means: either occupy property worth £150 in their Electoral District, or own a registered mining claim within the colony (for which residence was not required), or receive annual salary of £100 in the colony.
[edit] Electoral procedure
No change was made to the basic electoral procedure which continued to be the single non-transferable vote, or First past the post system, cast by means of the secret ballot.
[edit] Electoral districts
The Letters Patent created a legislative assembly with 30 members, and for simplicity the 15 electoral districts set the previous year for the Legislative Council were used for the new assembly, but with each district returning two members. Voters were therefore entitled to two votes.
[edit] Political parties
Since the previous election, and the grant of responsible government, the Responsible Government Association had organised itself under the leadership of Sir Charles Coghlan into the Rhodesia Party and been appointed as the new government. In addition the Rhodesia Labour Party, which had been formed some years before, entered into the election. However a substantial number of candidates fought as Independents on their own record. In general these candidates represented small farmers, small businesses and mining interests.
[edit] Campaign
The Labour Party had supported the Responsible Government Association in its campaign for a separate government for the colony, and in opposition to union with South Africa, and members of both parties hoped to reach agreement on an allocation of seats between them so that they did not oppose each other. Negotiations were unsuccessful and where candidates of the parties were fighting for seats, the fight between them became bitter. The independent candidates were also in opposition to the 'establishment' party and many stressed the need for a strong opposition in the new Assembly.
[edit] Summary result
Electorate: 21,936 (20,060 in contested seats) Turnout: 59.8%
| Party | Candidates | Elected | Unopposed | Popular vote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | ||||
| Rhodesia Party | 30 | 26 | 2 | 6,994 | 54.0 |
| Independents | 21 | 4 | - | 3,757 | 29.0 |
| Rhodesia Labour Party | 15 | - | - | 2,210 | 17.0 |
| Totals | 66 | 30 | 2 | 12,961 | 100% |
[edit] Results
| Constituency Electorate and turnout |
Candidate | Party | Votes |
|---|---|---|---|
| BULAWAYO CENTRAL 1,493 (54.8%) |
†Francis Leslie Hadfield | RP | 420 |
| James Cowden | RP | 397 | |
| Septimus Leonard John Steggall | Lab | 249 | |
| Harry Joseph Sonnenberg | Ind | 217 | |
| William George Durbin Morsman | Lab | 194 | |
| Frederick Fisher | Ind | 159 | |
| BULAWAYO DISTRICT 1,253 (62.3%) |
Frederic Philip Mennell | RP | 499 |
| Alexander Robert Thomson | RP | 492 | |
| Harry Herbert Davies | Lab | 335 | |
| George Walter Price | Lab | 234 | |
| BULAWAYO NORTH 1,490 (62.9%) |
†Sir Charles Patrick John Coghlan | RP | 830 |
| Robert James Hudson | RP | 771 | |
| William Davies | Lab | 274 | |
| BULAWAYO SOUTH 1,486 (69.0%) |
Charles Folliot Birney | RP | 631 |
| Henry Robert Barbour | RP | 469 | |
| Lawrence John Walter Keller | Lab | 408 | |
| George Mitchell | Ind | 303 | |
| Robert John Dent | Lab | 241 | |
| EASTERN 1,617 (64.2%) |
Charles Edward Gilfillan | Ind | 590 |
| John Louis Martin | Ind | 576 | |
| Lewis Aloys MacDonald Hastings | RP | 552 | |
| William Matthias Longden | RP | 359 | |
| GWELO 1,456 (66.0%) |
David Campbell Duncan Munro | RP | 572 |
| Max Danziger | RP | 527 | |
| John Charles Jesser Coope | Ind | 401 | |
| James Henry Edwards | Ind | 257 | |
| James White Ross | Lab | 165 | |
| HARTLEY 1,519 (58.2%) |
Sir Ernest William Sanders Montagu | Ind | 426 |
| Osmond Charteris Du Port | RP | 422 | |
| Richard Wright Albertson | Ind | 379 | |
| Burton Ireland Collings | RP | 275 | |
| Robert Hawker Futter | Ind | 267 | |
| MAZOE 1,351 (50.4%) |
Sir Francis James Newton | RP | 624 |
| John Wallace Downie | RP | 579 | |
| William Martin | Lab | 159 | |
| MIDLANDS 1,321 (70.6%) |
†Robert Dunipace Gilchrist | RP | 415 |
| †William James Boggie | RP | 307 | |
| John Austen | Ind | 307 | |
| Henry Tyndall Brett | Ind | 260 | |
| William Harrison | Lab | 184 | |
| Miss Ellen Constance Steedman | Ind | 150 | |
| †Walter Douglas Douglas-Jones | Ind | 130 | |
| George Alexander Campbell | Lab | 111 | |
| NORTHERN 1,387 (54.7%) |
†William Muter Leggate | RP | 612 |
| James Murdoch Eaton | RP | 608 | |
| †John McChlery | Ind | 296 | |
| SALISBURY NORTH 1,876 |
Percival Donald Leslie Fynn | RP | unopposed |
| Godfrey Martin Huggins | RP | unopposed | |
| SALISBURY SOUTH 1,454 (58.1%) |
Harry Bertin | RP | 595 |
| George Frederick Elcombe | RP | 433 | |
| Milton Evan Cleveland | Ind | 329 | |
| George Harold Johnson | Ind | 208 | |
| Albert Edward Wetherill | Lab | 125 | |
| UMTALI 1,598 (60.1%) |
Charles Eickhoff | RP | 506 |
| †Mrs. Ethel Tawse Jollie | RP | 404 | |
| William Robb Love | Lab | 378 | |
| James Allin Methuen | Lab | 299 | |
| Francis Rudolph Myburgh | Ind | 206 | |
| Thomas Benjamin Hulley | Ind | 130 | |
| VICTORIA 1,353 (52.0%) |
†Howard Unwin Moffat | RP | 539 |
| Lucius Knapp Robinson | RP | 469 | |
| John Albert Halliday | Ind | 399 | |
| WESTERN 1,282 (51.8%) |
†Robert Alexander Fletcher | Ind | 476 |
| John Parke Richardson | RP | 375 | |
| William Elliot Thomas | RP | 306 | |
| William Edward Green | Lab | 171 |
Note: As the Midlands result was a tie between Boggie and Austen, the election was determined by a drawing of lots, which was supervised by a Judge of the High Court, on May 15, 1924.
[edit] Changes during the Assembly
[edit] Mazoe
Sir Francis Newton resigned on August 26, 1924 on appointment as High Commissioner of the United Kingdom to Southern Rhodesia, precipitating a byelection in his electoral district which was held on September 26, 1924.
| Constituency Electorate and turnout |
Candidate | Party | Votes |
|---|---|---|---|
| MAZOE 1,351 (53.6%) |
Percy Sidney Inskipp | RP | 394 |
| John William Dunlop | Ind RP | 330 |
[edit] Salisbury South
George Elcombe resigned his seat on January 10, 1927 and a byelection was held on March 8, 1927.
| Constituency Electorate and turnout |
Candidate | Party | Votes |
|---|---|---|---|
| SALISBURY SOUTH 1,454 (64.9%) |
Frank William Frederick Johson | Ind | 406 |
| John William Dunlop | Lab | 362 | |
| Burton Ireland Collings | RP | 175 |
[edit] Bulawayo North
Sir Charles Coghlan died on August 28, 1927 and a byelection was held on November 18, 1927.
| Constituency | Candidate | Party | Votes |
|---|---|---|---|
| BULAWAYO NORTH | Allan Ross Welsh | RP | 549 |
| Edward Jonathan Davies | Lab | 377 |
[edit] Midlands
William James Boggie died on February 8, 1928 and a byelection was held on April 18, 1928.
| Constituency Electorate and turnout |
Candidate | Party | Votes |
|---|---|---|---|
| MIDLANDS 1,374 (47.5%) |
Arthur James Taylor | RP | 352 |
| Alexander Louis Wynand Koch Worsthorne | PP | 301 |
[edit] Defections
There were a number of changes within the assembly. Robert Dunipace Gilchrist 'crossed the floor' to sit as an opposition Independent in 1925. He was followed in May 1927 by Francis Leslie Hadfield and Max Danziger. In June 1927, the Progressive Party was formed by Harry Bertin, Robert Alexander Fletcher, Robert Dunipace Gilchrist, George Edward Gilfillan, Francis Leslie Hadfield, Frank William Frederick Johnson, John Louis Martin, Frederic Philip Mennell and Sir Ernest William Sanders Montagu. This party campaigned for a pro-white immigration policy, the development of Matabeleland, and establishing African reserves. It was opposed to monopolies, and sought reform and depoliticisation of the Civil Service.
[edit] References
- Source Book of Parliamentary Elections and Referenda in Southern Rhodesia 1898-1962 ed. by F.M.G. Willson (Department of Government, University College of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, Salisbury 1963)
- Holders of Administrative and Ministerial Office 1894-1964 by F.M.G. Willson and G.C. Passmore, assisted by Margaret T. Mitchell (Source Book No. 3, Department of Government, University College of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, Salisbury 1966)
| Elections in Southern Rhodesia, Rhodesia and Zimbabwe | ||
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Legislative Council of Southern Rhodesia 1899-1923 | 1899 | 1902 | 1905 | 1908 | 1911 | 1914 | 1920 |
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Legislative Assembly of Southern Rhodesia 1924-1964 | 1924 | 1928 | 1933 | 1934 | 1939 | 1946 | 1948 | 1954 | 1958 | 1962 |
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Legislative Assembly of Rhodesia 1964-1970 | 1965 |
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House of Assembly of Rhodesia 1970-1979 | 1970 | 1974 | 1977 |
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Zimbabwe Rhodesia House of Assembly 1979-1980 | 1979 |
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Zimbabwe House of Assembly 1980- | 1980 | 1985 | 1990 | 1995 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| Senate of Zimbabwe 2005- | 2005 | |
| President of Zimbabwe 1987- | 1990 | 1996 | 2002 | 2008 | |
| Referendums | 1922 | 1934 | 1953 | 1961 | 1964 | 1969 | 1979 | 2000 | |
