Southern Rhodesian Legislative Council election, 1914
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The Southern Rhodesia Legislative Council election of March 18, 1914 was the sixth election to the Legislative Council of Southern Rhodesia. The Legislative Council had resolved in 1913 that it should have twelve elected members, together with six members nominated by the British South Africa Company, and the Administrator of Southern Rhodesia. The Resident Commissioner of Southern Rhodesia also sat on the Legislative Council ex officio but without the right to vote. This office was first held by Robert Burns-Begg, from April 1, 1915 by Herbert James Stanley, and from April 1, 1918 by Crawford Douglas Douglas-Jones.
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[edit] Franchise
In 1912 the franchise arrangements had been altered for the first time since the Legislative Council was established. To be eligible for registration as an elector, the voter had to be a British subject by birth or naturalization, male, over the age of 21, and to have lived in Southern Rhodesia for six months continuously, as before. Where previously a voter had to be able to sign their name and write their address and occupation, they were now required to be able to complete the registration form in their own handwriting if required, and to write from dictation fifty words in the English language.
The means qualifications were doubled, so that voters had to have either occupied immovable property worth £150 within the electoral district, or have received salary or wages of £100 per annum. As before, ownership of a registered mining claim in Southern Rhodesia also qualified a voter, whether resident or not.
[edit] Boundaries
New districts were drawn up for this election by a delimitation board. A policy decision was made that each district should return a single member, and the delimitation board was charged with producing district with an equal number of voters, taking into account community or diversity of interests, means of communication, physical features and sparsity or density of population. The board was permitted to depart by up to 20% from absolute equality if it thought fit. In the end, three of the districts were almost entirely urban (Salisbury, Bulawayo North and Bulawayo South) while all the others contained substantial areas of countryside.
[edit] Parties
Previous elections to the Legislative Council were contested by individuals standing on their own records. By 1914, although no political parties had been created, the candidates for the Legislative Council were broadly grouped in two camps. The first camp were supporters of the renewal of the Charter from the British South Africa Company and therefore of the present administration of Southern Rhodesia. The second camp favoured moves towards full self-government within the Empire. The election results showed that the supporters of self-government were decisively defeated in every district, although the subsequent byelection in Marandellas did give them a single seat.
[edit] Results
| Constituency Electorate and turnout |
Candidate | Votes |
|---|---|---|
| BULAWAYO DISTRICT 737 (49.9%) |
†George Mitchell | 194 |
| Charles Spearman Jobling | 174 | |
| BULAWAYO NORTH 887 (64.0%) |
†Sir Charles Patrick John Coghlan | 330 |
| Herbert Thomas Longden | 239 | |
| BULAWAYO SOUTH 885 (58.6%) or 887 (58.5%) |
†Gordon Stewart Drummond Forbes | 275 |
| Robert Alexander Fletcher | 244 | |
| EASTERN 785 (73.5%) |
Lionel Cripps | 317 |
| John Meikle | 260 | |
| GWELO 819 |
†Herman Melville Heyman | unopposed |
| HARTLEY 871 (52.1%) |
Burton Ireland Collings | 274 |
| William Muter Leggate | 179 | |
| MARANDELLAS 690 (53.0%) |
William Napier | 185 |
| John McChlery | 181 | |
| NORTHERN 721 (40.9%) |
John Arnold Edmonds | 204 |
| Arthur Lorecht Rubridge Morkel | 91 | |
| SALISBURY DISTRICT 842 (59.0%) or 884 (56.2%) |
†Raleigh Grey | 353 |
| Dominick Eckley McCausland | 85 | |
| Edward Turner | 59 | |
| SALISBURY TOWN 791 (64.7%) or 833 (61.5%) |
Milton Evan Cleveland | 235 |
| Frederick Eyles | 172 | |
| Harry Bertin | 105 | |
| VICTORIA 743 (65.1%) |
Ernest Alban Begbie | 280 |
| Howard Unwin Moffat | 204 | |
| WESTERN 689 (60.5%) |
William Beverley Bucknall | 270 |
| John Reid Rowland | 147 |
In some cases there were differing figures for the electorate given by the Rhodesia Herald and the Bulawayo Chronicle.
Note: Gordon Stewart Drummond Forbes was absent during the second session; Burton Ireland Collings and William Beverley Bucknall were absent during the third and fourth sessions; and Herman Melville Hayman was absent during the fourth session.
[edit] Changes during the assembly
[edit] Marandellas
John McChlery lodged an election petition against the result in Marandellas, and succeeded in establishing that he had actually won. He was declared elected on June 5, 1914.
[edit] Northern
John Arnold Edmonds resigned from the Legislative Council through a letter dated February 8, 1915, and as a result a byelection was held on April 26. Of the two candidates, Robert Garvin did not definitively state a policy on whether Southern Rhodesia should seek immediate self-government or continue with its present administration, while Frederick Eyles was a supporter of self-government.
| Constituency Electorate and turnout |
Candidate | Votes |
|---|---|---|
| NORTHERN 721 (35.5%) |
Robert George Garvin | 171 |
| Frederick Eyles | 85 |
[edit] Bulawayo South District
Gordon Forbes died of wounds received in action on July 27, 1915, and a byelection was held on October 25. George Stewart was a supporter of the 'present administation' while Herbert Longden wanted immediate self-government.
| Constituency Electorate and turnout |
Candidate | Votes |
|---|---|---|
| BULAWAYO SOUTH | George Stewart | 193 |
| Herbert Thomas Longden | 183 |
[edit] Nominated members
The members nominated by the British South Africa Company were:
- Clarkson Henry Tredgold, Attorney-General
- Dr Eric Arthur Nobbs PhD BSc FHAS, Director of Agriculture
- George Duthie, Director of Education
- James Hutchison Kennedy, Master of the High Court
- Francis James Newton CVO CMG, Treasurer
- Ernest William Sanders Montagu, Secretary for Mines and Roads
James Donald Mackenzie (Acting Attorney-General) replaced Clarkson Henry Tredgold during his absence, on June 4, 1914 and April 8, 1915. Ernest Charles Baxter (Controller of Customs) temporarily replaced Dr Eric Arthur Nobbs during his absence on April 8, 1915. Percival Donald Leslie Fynn (Acting Treasurer) replaced Francis James Newton temporarily during his absence on April 28, 1916.
George Duthie resigned from the Council in 1916 and was replaced by Ernest Charles Baxter, Controller of Customs and Excise, on March 31, 1916. Baxter was temporarily replaced by Percival Donald Leslie Fynn during his absence on April 13, 1917. James Hutchison Kennedy died in February 1916, and was replaced by George Henry Eyre (Postmaster-General) on April 14, 1916. James Donald Mackenzie as Solicitor General replaced Clarkson Henry Tredgold during his absence on May 3, 1918 and May 2, 1919. When Francis James Newton was absent during the sixth session of the Council in 1919, Percival Donald Leslie Fynn (Acting Treasurer) was named to the council on April 25, 1919.
[edit] References
- Source Book of Parliamentary Elections and Referenda in Southern Rhodesia 1898-1962 ed. by F.M.G. Willson (Department of Government, University College of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, Salisbury 1963)
- Holders of Administrative and Ministerial Office 1894-1964 by F.M.G. Willson and G.C. Passmore, assisted by Margaret T. Mitchell (Source Book No. 3, Department of Government, University College of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, Salisbury 1966)
- Official Year Book of the Colony of Southern Rhodesia, No. 1 - 1924, Salisbury, Southern Rhodesia
| Elections in Southern Rhodesia, Rhodesia and Zimbabwe | ||
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| Senate of Zimbabwe 2005- | 2005 | |
| President of Zimbabwe 1987- | 1990 | 1996 | 2002 | 2008 | |
| Referendums | 1922 | 1934 | 1953 | 1961 | 1964 | 1969 | 1979 | 2000 | |
