Sirr Al-Khatim Al-Khalifa
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Sirr Al-Khatim Al-Khalifa Al-Hassan ( Arabic: سر الختم الخليفة الحسن ) ( 1919 - February 18, 2006) was a Sudanese politician, ambassador and an elite educator. Famous for his great legacy in education and founding prints for Ministry of Education in Sudan, and as the Prime Minister in the October Regime.
(1919-2006)
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[edit] Early Life and education
Al-Khalifa was born in Ed Dueim to Al-Khalifa Hassan Ahmed and Nafisa Al-Fakki Alabead. Descending from Al Jalain tribe, his father migrated from Shendi to Al-Obeid and was appointed as khalifa of Al-Khatmiya.
In the early twenties, he attained his primary education at Ed Dueim Rural School and Berber Intermediate School. In 1937, he graduated from Gordon Memorial College studing Teachers Education. Al-Khalifa became a teacher at Bakht Arrida from 1938 till 1944, until he moved to Great Britain to continue his education.
In 1944, Al-Khalifa furthered his education by attending Exter College, University of Oxford. In 1946, he returned to Sudan to resume his teaching job at Bakht Arrida.
[edit] Trip to the South
In 1950, after the abandon of the Southern Policy, a colonial policy that isolated Southern Sudan from education and economic development, Al-Khalifa was appointed as a Province Education Officer at Equatorial Province in Juba. After seven years of great success at the job, he was promoted to become Assistant Director of Education for Southern Provinces, the highest educational position in the region. At his era, he increased the number of schools and introduced the Arabic language in the region. Spending 10 years in South Sudan, spreading education and relating to the once-totally-closed South, he became a very favorable and respectable character in the whole of Sudan, South and North.
[edit] Return to the North
In 1962, Al-Khalifa was appointed as a dean of Khartoum Technical Institute (now Sudan University of Science and Technology). He spent two years at the job, nevertheless he was nicknamed, Father of Technical Education in Sudan, since he devoted great effort and time for this newly established technical school.
[edit] 1964 Revolution and Political Career Debut
In 1964, the Abbud regime was facing numerous instabilities that led to a major strike from the different working sectors of the society. The strike, known as October Revolution, led to rioting and numerous deaths; that forced President Abbud to dissolve the government and prepare for civilian rule. Al-Khalifa was nominated by Umma Party as a prime minister for a transitional government to prepare for civilian rule. Many agreed upon the nominee, others including the Sudanese Communist Party (SCP) strongly disagreed due to his political inexperience and their nominees including Abdin Ismail and Jaafar Karrar[1]. After several meetings between the different parties, Al-Khalifa was appointed as prime minister for the transitional government. Al-Khalifa regime was very eager to address, tackle and find peaceful solutions for the southern problem. With party members holding few positions, Southern politicians were allowed positions that were deemed as Northern. Clement Mboro became the first Southern to hold the position of Minister of Interior.
[edit] 1965 Round Table Conference
Al-Khalifa called upon establishing the Round Table Conference with the presence of 24 Southern politicians and 18 Northern party representatives to address the problem of the South. The conference was originally scheduled in Juba between March 16 – 29, 1965; however, several burnings and rampages were conducted in Juba that signaled the migration of the conference to Khartoum.
“Gentlemen, Arabism, which is a basic attribute of the majority of the population of this country and of many African countries besides, is not a racial concept which unites members of a certain racial group. It is a religious, cultural and nonracial link that binds together numerous races, black, white and brown. Had Arabism been anything else but this, most modern Arabs, whether African or Asian, including the entire population of the Northern Sudan, would cease to be Arab at all.” [2].
However, the conference reached a dead-lock and was concluded with the establishment of Twelve-Men Committee, consisting of the participating political parties. Al-Khalifa was forced to resign and the government promised to schedule elections by June 1965. With a rushed elections conducted in the North excluding the South for security reasons, this ended the transitional government of Al-Khalifa and started the second democratic phase of Sudan under Mohamed Ahmed Mahjub.
[edit] Diplomatic Break from Politics
Al-Khalifa was appointed as ambassador to Italy in 1966. In March 1968, he was transferred to become ambassador to Britain. On May 25, 1969, when Gaafar Nimeiry siezed power, Al-Khalifa was bluntly informed about his end of service and strippness of his diplomatic passport. He had to report immediately to Khartoum. Some believe that this blunt telex was a reply from Awadallah, former chief justice and new prime minister, and Nimeiry’s regime to Al-Khalifa’s betrayal of October Revolution by rushing the 1965 elections thus handing power to Umma-PDP parties. After performing the diplomatic farewell to the Queen, Al-Khalifa returned to Khartoum in the beginning of June, 1969. Later in 1973, Nimeiry appointed Al-Khalifa as Minister of Education. He assumed this position for two years, when he was appointed in 1982 as President Advisor on Educational Affairs until the end of Nimeiry’s era in 1985.
[edit] Gone, but not forgotten
On February 19, 2006, Al-Khalifa was buried at Al-Bakri Cemetery accompanied by thousands of his colleagues, politicians, educators and students.
[edit] Trivias
- Succeeded by his son Hassan (named after his father), and four daughters Nafisa (named after his mother), Sulafa, Sara and Sawsan
- Inaugurated and first to pitch a ball in Stade de Al-Merrikh in 1965.
- A fan of Ahmed Al-Mustafa, post Haqeeba singer
- One of the authors of the famous geography books in Sudan primary school syllabus, Sobol Kasb Al-ayash fe es Sudan,(Means of Earning a living in Sudan). This book explored the different regions of Sudan, introducing the dialects and customs each region.
[edit] References
- ^ Mohamed Ahmed Suliman Diary at Al Sahafa Daily
- ^ Muhammad Omar Bashir, The Southern Sudan: Background to Conflict (Khartoum University Press), p. 168.
