Shanghai Metro
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The Shanghai Metro (上海轨道交通) is an urban rapid transit system that serves the city of Shanghai by transporting around 1.8 million passengers each day. The system incorporates both subways (地铁) and elevated light railways (轻轨). As new metro lines are opened, passenger volumes are expected to rise significantly. It is the third city in China to build a subway system after Beijing and Tianjin and as of 2006 operates more lines than any other subway system in China (excluding Hong Kong). One of the world's newest, most rapidly expanding subway systems, the Shanghai Metro operates five lines, and has four more lines under construction – including extensions to the lines currently in operation.
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[edit] Lines
- Line 1, 21.4 km long, runs from Xinzhuang via Shanghai Railway Station to Gongfu Xincun.
- Line 2, 19.2 km long, runs from Zhongshan Park to Zhangjiang Hi-tech Industry Zone.
- Line 3, 25 km long, runs from Jiangwan Town to Shanghai South Railway Station.
- Line 4, 25 km long, overlaps with Line 3, exclusive Line 4 section opened in January 2006, remaining section will be open before the end of 2007 to form a complete circular line
- Line 5, 17.2 km long, runs from Xinzhuang to Minhang Development Zone.
[edit] Interchange
The following are interchange stations:
Xinzhuang between Line 1 and Line 5
Shanghai South Railway Station between Line 1 and Line 3
Shanghai Indoor Stadium between Line 1 and Line 4
People's Square between Line 1 and Line 2
Zhongshan Park among Line 2,Line 3 and Line 4
Hongqiao Road, Yan'an Road (West), Jinshajiang Road, Zhenping Road, Zhongtan Road, Shanghai Railway Station, Baoshan Road are shared between Line 3 and Line 4 (These eight stops plus Zhongshan Park are stops for both Line 3 and Line 4 on an elevated rail, so if your journey is within these stops, you can take any train that comes along)
Shiji Avenue(Formerly name is Dongfang Rd.) between Line 2 and Line 4
Though Yishan Rd. of Line 3 and Line 4 share a name, they are not one stop and interchanging is not yet possible.
Shanghai Railway Station of Line 1 is shown as interchange with the station of the same name on Line 3 and 4, but you must exit the pay area and re-enter the Line 3 and 4 pay area and vice-versa.
[edit] Transfer options:
The Shanghai Metro Co, Ltd. states that "interchange" is a "free transfer", but a "transfer" is a "non-free transfer".
| Line 1 | ↔ | Line 2 | (at People's Square) |
| Line 1 | ↔ | Line 3 | (at Shanghai South Railway Station) |
| Line 1 | ↔ | Line 5 | (at Xinzhuang) |
| Line 2 | ↔ | Line 3 | (at Zhongshan Park) |
| Line 1 | ↔ | Line 4 | (at Shanghai Indoor Stadium) |
| Line 3 | ↔ | Line 4 | (at Hongqiao Rd.,Yan'an Road(W.),Zhongshan Park,Jinshajiang Rd.,Caoyang Rd.,Zhenping Rd.,Zhongtan Rd.,Shanghai Railway Station and Baoshan Rd.) |
| Line 2 | ↔ | Line 4 | (at Zhongshan Park or Shiji Avenue) |
Free interchanging already exists between all lines, though not at all points.
[edit] Ticket system
Like many metro systems in the world, the fares on the Shanghai Subway are distance based. As of September 15, 2005, when the Shanghai government raised them, fares ranged from 3 yuan (approx USD $0.375) for journeys under 6km, to 8 yuan for journeys over 46km.
As of December 25, 2005, Shanghai uses a "one ticket network", which means free interchange between all lines without purchase of another ticket.
[edit] Fares
(1) For most lines, the base fare is 3 yuan for journeys under 6km, then 1 yuan for each additional 10 km. Since the longest possible journey is 50 km long, the highest fare is 8 yuan.
(2) For journeys exclusively on Line 5 (From Xinzhuang To Minhang Development Zone), the fare is 2 yuan for journeys under 6 km and all other journeys are 3 yuan (the total length of this line being 16 km).
(3) There will be a 10% discount for the rest of the calendar month if you use Shanghai Public Transportation Card and your fare reaches 70 yuan in a month.
[edit] Single tickets
Single journey tickets can be purchased from the ticket vending machine or at a ticket window. The new stations on Line 4 only uses ticket vending machines. The ticket vending machine accepts coins and bills.
[edit] Transit Card
Apart from the single ticket, payment for the journey can be made by buying a Shanghai Public Transportation Card. This contactless card can be bought for a refundable fee of 30 yuan at convenience stores and metro stations. There are also special edition cards for a non-refundable 20 yuan. Only some stations can refund the card fee (Jiangsu Rd on Line 2 for example). This card can be recharged at ticket booths situated at the metro stations as well as many small convenience shops throughout the city. The Shanghai Public Transportation Card can also be used to pay for other forms of transportation, such as taxi or bus.
This transit card is similar to the Chicago Card of the CTA, the SmarTrip of the Washington Metro, and the Octopus card of Hong Kong's MTR .
[edit] Stations of note
The busiest station in the Shanghai metro system is People's Square station (Line 1,Line 2). As the transfer station for the north-south Line 1 and the east-west Line 2, it is extremely crowded during peak hours. It remains busy during the rest of the day, as it is located near major shopping and tourist destinations such as East Nanjing Road Pedestrian Street, The Shanghai Museum, People's Park, the Shanghai Grand Theatre and Yan'an Greens.
Xujiahui station (Line 1) is located in the major Xujiahui commercial center of Shanghai. Six large shopping malls and eight large office towers are each within a three-minute walk of one of the station's fourteen exits, the largest number of exits of any Shanghai Subway station.
Lujiazui station (Line 2) is the major stop in Pudong area. It is situated in the heart of Lujiazui financial district, the developing financial center of Shanghai. The city's new symbol, the Oriental Pearl TV Tower, is within walking distance of the station, as is the Jin Mao Tower, the tallest building in mainland China. Compared to Xujiahui and People's Square, Lujiazui is not particularly busy during off-peak hours or at weekends as it is used primarily by those who commute to the district for work.
Shanghai Railway Station (Line 1,Line 3 and Line 4) is a major transportation hub in Shanghai, containing the railway station, two subway lines and the stop for many city bus lines as well as interprovincial buses. These bus lines will soon be housed in a brand new bus station currently under construction behind the train station.
Zhongshan Park: (Line 2,Line 3 and Line 4): The most line interchanged station.
Shiji Avenue:(Line 2 and Line 4) The largest interchange station.
[edit] Retail
Nearly every Shanghai subway station houses retailing of some kind. Many are small kiosks selling a variety of telephony products such as telephone calling cards, mobile phone SIM cards, or new telephones. There are also newsstands, with some stations having as many as three competing vendors. Snack shops (cafes) have become popular, along with bookstores.
[edit] Criticism
The system is marred by aggressive passengers who exacerbate the already crowded rush hour conditions. To deal with congestion and passenger safety, glass screens, which open when the train arrives, are being fitted to platforms.
Transfers are inconvenient compared to urban transport systems elsewhere. For example, stations that share the same name on different lines are often hundreds of meters apart. Transferring between different lines frequently requires walking through numerous tunnels.
In many stations, the retail section would appear to dominate the station concourse. The Xujiahui station houses three restaurants, a sushi establishment, a salon, a shoe store, a bookstore, a teahouse, an art dealer, more than twenty trinket shops no larger than 2 m² each and a 500 meter long underground shopping arcade with dozens of stores, mostly selling women's and girls' clothing and shoes. The result can be disorientating for casual visitors attempting to access the platforms. The only other stations with such a shopping selection are Shanghai Railway station (in the transfer corridor) and the Milan Plaza arcade in Zhongshan Park station.
The Metro operators have responded to some criticism. For example, in the People's Square station, the transfer corridor between two lines has been stripped of retail space and shortened to deal with congestion and reduce the hassle of commuters.
[edit] Technology
In contrast to many other metro systems in the world, the Shanghai metro uses overhead wires for the power supply, probably due to its use of a 1500 volt system which is twice the voltage generally used for third rails. Standard gauge is used throughout the network, allowing new metro equipment to be transported over the Chinese rail network which uses the same gauge.
Plasma screens on the platforms show passengers when the next two trains are coming (usually one every five minutes or less). The subway cars contain LCD screens showing advertisements and the next stop, while above-ground trains have LED screens showing the next stop. There are recorded messages stating the next stop in Mandarin and English, but the messages stating nearby attractions/shops for a given stop (a form of paid advertising) are in Mandarin only.
Accessibility facilities for the disabled are available at all stations. Sliding acrylic glass safety doors exist on platforms on the newest Line 4. These open as the train approaches and remain closed at other times. These screens are beginning to be retrofitted on existing lines.
Cars used by the Metro system:
- 60 Bombardier Movia 456 6 car sets - Line 1 and 5
- 37 German Shanghai Metro Group (GSMG) 6 cars units - Line 1 and 2
- 28 Alstom Megapolis six-car sets - Line 3
- 168 Alstom Metropolis (six car sets)
- 152 Alstom Metropolis (six car set)
[edit] Operators
Two companies operate the Shanghai Metro network.
- Shanghai Metro Operation Co., Ltd. manages Line 1, Line 2, Line 3 and Line 4.
- Shanghai Modern Rail Transit Co., Ltd. manages Line 5.
[edit] Future
Several lines are either under construction or planned to be constructed in the near or distant future. After the completion of these lines, a uniform numbering system will be put in place.
[edit] Under construction
*Line 1, 2nd phase of North extension from Gongfu Xincun to Fujin Lu. Will be open in the middle of 2007.
- Line 2, West extension from Zhongshan Park to Hongqiao Airport, 1st phase which run to Songhong Lu is currently in testing and will open to the public at the end of 2006.
- Line 3, North extension from Jiangwan Town to Jiangyang Bei Lu will open in 2006.
- Line 4, Construction on section from Damuqiao to Lancun Lu will be finished in 2007.
- Line 5, South extension from Dongchuan Road to Jinshan Chemistry Industrial Zone; First phase, which extends to Fengxian, will start construction in the middle of 2006.
- Line 6, 28.8 km long, will run in Pudong from Jiyang Lu to Gangcheng Lu. Will open in 2007.
- Line 7, 35km long, will run from Chentai Lu to Longyang Lu and cross the Expo 2010 zone. Projected to open in 2009.
- Line 8, 22.6 km long. 1st Phase (Shiguang Lu to Xizang Nan Lu) and 2nd Phase (Xizang Nan Lu to Chengshan Lu) both will open in 2007.
- Line 8, south extension from Chengshan Lu to Pujiang Expo Land will be open in.
- Line 9, First phase 35 km long, 2nd phase 26km long, will run from Songjiang New City to Chongming Island, first phase will reach Yishan Road, 2nd phase will reach Minsheng Road in Pudong, then the 3rd phase will extend to Dongjing Rd near A20 Road, 4th phase will extend to Chongming Island. 1st and 2nd phase will open in 2009.
- Line 10 From planned Hongqiao High Speed Railway Station (location undetermined) to New Jiangwan City, then to Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone. It will have a branch near Hongqiao to Qibao. The first phase (Hongqiao to New Jiangwan City) will be open in 2009.
- Line 11 120km long, with a A line and a B line. The A line is called "Main Line", from Jiading New City to Sanlin, then to Lingang New City in Nanhui near East Sea Bridge. Line B is called "Branch Line", from Anting Automobile City and Shanghai International Circuit to the northwest of A line. The line north of Yuyuan Road will open in 2009. The Nanhui part may use a low-speed maglev train.
[edit] Planned Lines
- Line 1, 3rd phase and follow project of north extension from Fujin Lu to the final terminal-Chongming Island.
- Line 2,West extension from Songhonglu to Qingpu and have a transfer or interchange with Suzhou Lightrail. It will run via Hongqiao Airport and planned Hongqiao Railway Station. Planned to be open at 2015.
- Line 2,East extension from Zhangjiang via Planned Chuansha Railway Station, Planned Disneyland, Pudong Airport to Planned Pudong Railway Station. No timetable is given, but is supposed to be open before 2010.
- Line 5,2nd phase of south extension from Fengxian to Jinshan.
- Line 7,North extension to Luodian. No timetable is given.
- Line 10,East north extension from New Jiangwan City to Waigaoqiao.
- Line 12 33.6km long, From Hongmei Lu to Jinhai Lu with a west extension to Gudai Lu Zhongchun Lu and an east extension to Caolu. Hongmei Lu to Jinghai Lu part planned open at 2012.
- Line 13 29.8km long, From Fengzhuang in Jiading to Huaxia Xi Lu in Pudong. Planned to open in 2012.
- Line 14: Planned name is M6, from West 2nd Avenue in Outer ring road to Jin Qiao.
- Line 15: Planned name is L1, from West Shanghai Railway Station to South 2nd Avenue of Outer Ring Road.
- Line 16: Planned name is L2, from Qilianshan Road to Hongkou Park.
- Line 17: Planned name is L3, from West Shanghai Railway Station to Jungong Road
- Line 18: Planned name is L5, from West Changjiang Road to Middle Huaxia Road
[edit] Planned unified numbering system
Due to the inconsistency in naming of early lines, plans are underway to rename all lines in a unified system:
- Line 1, Former name Metro Line 1, Planned name R1
- Line 2, Former name Metro Line 2, Planned name R2
- Line 3, Former name Pearl Line, Planned name M3, commonly known as "Light Rail" because it is the first evalated railway.
- Line 4, Former name Pearl Line Phase 2, Planned name M4
- Line 5, Former name Xin Min Line, Planned as part of R1. First surface light rail.
- Line 6, Former name Pudong Light Rail, Planned name L4
- Line 7, Planned name M7
- Line 8, Former name Yangpu Line , Planned name M8
- Line 9, Former name Shengsong Line, Planned name R4
- Line 10, Planned name M1
- Line 11, Planned name R3
- Line 12, Planned name M2
- Line 13, Planned name M5
- Line 14, Planned name M6
- Line 15, Planned name L1
- Line 16, Planned name L2
- Line 17, Planned name L3
- Line 18, Planned name L5
R line means it is a subway line that connects the CBD to a suburb.
M line means it is a subway line that runs within the CBD only.
L line means it is a surface light railway line.
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
- Shanghai Shentong Metro Company
- Shanghai Subway Information on UrbanRail.net
- Shanghai Metro Map and Timetable
- Glass Doors Installed in Metro
