Seismic source

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A seismic source is controlled seismic energy that is used in both reflection seismology and refraction seismology surveys. A seismic source can be simple, such as dynamite, or it can be produced by more sophisticated technology, such as a specialized air gun. A seismic source provides a pulse or seismic wave of energy, which travels through a medium, such as water or layers of sediments. This energy then reflects and refracts to receivers, such as geophones or hydrophones.

[edit] Non-explosive sources

[edit] Air gun

An air gun is used for marine reflection surveys. It consists of one or more pneumatic chambers that are pressurized with air. The air gun array is submerged below the water surface, and is towed behind a ship. The air gun is released when a bolt is retracted, allowing the air to escape the chamber and to produce a pulse of energy.


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