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[edit] Kettering Prize
The Kettering Prize is given for the most outstanding recent contribution to the diagnosis or treatment of cancer.
This award is named in honor of Charles F. Kettering, inventor, former General Motors Director, and pioneer of the General Motors Research Laboratories. Mr. Kettering was a generous supporter of basic research in both industry and medicine. He and Alfred P. Sloan, Jr. established the Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research in New York in 1945.
[edit] External links
[edit] Victor Ling
Dr. Victor Ling is a Canadian researcher in the field of medicine. In 1990, he received the Gairdner Award, given for outstanding contributions to medical science. In 1991, he received both the Charles F. Kettering Prize and Steiner Award, the highest honours in cancer research. He was appointed to the Order of British Columbia in 2000.
Ling's research focuses on drug resistance in cancer. He is best known for his discovery of P-glycoprotein, one of the proteins responsible for multidrug resistance.
Ling was born in China, and emigrated to Canada as a child. He received his bachelor's degree in 1966 from the University of Toronto and his PhD in 1969 from the University of British Columbia. He undertook post-doctoral training with nobel-laureate Dr. Fred Sanger at Cambridge University. Ling is currently Assistant Dean of the Faculty of Medicine at the University of British Columbia and Vice-President, Discovery at the BC Cancer Agency in Vancouver, British Columbia.
[edit] External links
{{Canada-bio-stub}} [[Category:Living people|Ling, Victor]] [[Category:Canadian scientists|Ling, Victor]]
[edit] Lethal Gene
In genetics, a lethal gene refers to a gene crucial for reproduction or early development that has undergone mutation(s) that prevent normal function. As a result, the early development of the organism cannot proceed.
It is often estimated that each human carries about 5 recessive lethal genes. Since each human carries two copies of each gene, this does not result in lethality unless both copies carry detrimental mutations. For this reason, inbreeding presents a high risk of early lethality because offspring are more likely to inherit two copies of a lethal gene.
[edit] Monticelli Trap
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| Position after 10.Ng5! |
The Monticelli Trap is a chess opening trap in the Bogo-Indian Defence, that experts once claimed was irrefutable.
The trap begins with the moves
- 1. d4 Nf6
- 2. c4 e6
Black plays the Indian Defence.
- 3. Nf3 Bb4+
Black plays the Bogo-Indian-Defence.
- 4. Bd2 Bxd2+
- 5. Qxd2 b6
- 6. g3 Bb7
- 7. Bg2 O-O
- 8. Nc3 Ne4
- 9. Qc2 Nxc3
- 10. Ng5!
(See diagram.)
Black must respond to two different threats: the mate threat 11. Qxh7# and 11. Bxb2 winning a bishop and a rook.
However, chess legend José Raúl Capablanca (Black) showed this trap wasn't so irrefutable when he drew in a game against fellow legend Max Euwe (White) in 1931 (Amsterdam).
Capablanca responded with 10.. Ne4 11.Bxe4 Bxe4 12.Qxe4 Qxg5 13.Qxa8 Nc6 14.Qb7 Nxd4 15.Rd1 c5 16.e3 Nc2+ 17.Kd2 Qf5 18.Qg2 Nb4 19.e4 Qf6 20.Kc1 Nxa2+ 21.Kb1 Nb4 22.Rxd7 Nc6 23.f4 e5 24.Rhd1 Nd4 25.Rxa7 exf4 26.gxf4 Qxf4 27.Re1 Nf3 28.Re2 Nd4 29.Re1 (½-½).
Nonetheless, this trap is still a massive blow to most opponents.
