SBD Dauntless
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The Douglas SBD Dauntless was the U.S. Navy's main dive bomber from mid-1940 until late 1943, when it was supplemented (although not entirely replaced) by the SB2C Helldiver.
The Northrop BT-1 provided the basis for the SBD, which began manufacture in 1940. It was designed with a 1,000 horsepower Wright Cyclone powerplant. A year earlier, both the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps had placed orders for the new dive bombers, aptly designated the SBD-1 and SBD-2 (the latter had increased fuel capacity and different armament). The former went to the Marine Corps in late 1940, and the latter went to the Navy in early 1941.
The next version, titled the SBD-3, began manufacture in early 1941. It provided increased protection, self-sealing fuel tanks, and four machine guns. The SBD-4 provided a 12-volt (from 6) electrical system, and a few were converted onto SBD-4P reconnaissance platforms.
The next (and most produced) variant, the SBD-5, was primarily produced at Douglas's plant at Tulsa, Oklahoma. It was equipped with a 1,200 hp (895 kW) engine and increased ammunition. Over 2,400 were built, and a few were shipped to the Royal Navy for evaluation. In addition to American service, the type saw combat against the Japanese with No. 25 Squadron of the Royal New Zealand Air Force which soon replaced them with F4U Corsairs, and against the Germans with the Free French Air Force. A few were also sent to Mexico. The final version, the SBD-6, provided more improvements but production ended in the summer of 1944.
The U.S. Army made its own version of the SBD, known as the A-24 Banshee, which was essentially the same aircraft with a few changes (the removal of the unnecessary arresting hook and different tires). Two versions (the A-24A and A-24B) were produced and used by the Army through and after the war.
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[edit] History
The SBD was involved in combat from the first day of the Pacific War, as Dauntlesses from USS Enterprise were caught in the Pearl Harbor attack. The type's first major use was in the Battle of the Coral Sea, when SBDs and TBDs sank the Japanese aircraft carrier Shōhō. However, its most important contribution to the American war effort probably came during the Battle of Midway (early June 1942), when it sank four of the Japanese aircraft carriers (the Akagi, Kaga, Sōryū, and Hiryū), also heavily damaging two Japanese cruisers including the Mikuma, which was scuttled by a Japanese destroyer).
At Midway, Marine SBDs were not utilized to the utmost. One squadron, operating off Midway Island, was not trained in the "Helldiving" technique; instead, the pilots were forced to use the slower but easier glide bombing technique, which led to heavy losses. The carrier-borne squadrons, on the other hand, were much more effective, combined with their F4F Wildcat fighter escorts. It should also be mentioned that the success of dive bombing was due to two important circumstances: First and foremost, the fact that the Japanese carriers were at their most vulnerable: Readying bombers for battle, with full fuel hoses and armed ordnance strewn across their hangar decks. Secondly, that the valiant but doomed assault of the TBD Devastator squadrons from the American carriers had drawn the Japanese fighter cover down and away from the approach vector of the dive bombers, making it impossible for them to intercept the Dauntlesses.
Next, SBDs participated in the Guadalcanal campaign, both from American carriers and Henderson Field on Guadalcanal Island. Dauntlesses contributed to the heavy loss of Japanese shipping during the campaign, including the carrier Ryūjō near the Solomon Islands on August 24, damaging three others during the six-month campaign. SBDs proceeded to sink one cruiser and nine transports during the decisive Naval Battle of Guadalcanal.
During the decisive time of the Pacific Campaign, the SBD's strengths and weaknesses became evident. Interestingly, while the American strength was dive bombing, the Japanese stressed their Nakajima B5N "Kate" torpedo bombers, which caused the bulk of the damage at Pearl Harbor.
Although it was already obsolescent by 1941, the SBD was used until 1944 when the Dauntless undertook its last major action during the Battle of the Philippine Sea. However, some Marine squadrons utilized Dauntlesses until the end of the war. It had already been replaced by the SB2C Helldiver in the U.S. Navy, much to the dismay of the pilots, many of whom believed that the "Slow But Deadly" Dauntless was a better aircraft than the Helldiver, which gained the nickname "Son of a Bitch 2nd Class." The Dauntless was one of the most important aircraft in the Pacific Theatre of World War II, with dozens of ships sunk or heavily damaged.
5,936 SBDs were produced in WWII.
[edit] Operators
- Australia, France, Mexico, New Zealand, United Kingdom, United States (US Army Air Force, US Marine Corps, US Navy),
[edit] Specifications (Douglas SBD Dauntless)
General characteristics
- Crew: Two
- Length: 33 ft 1 in (10.08 m)
- Wingspan: 41 ft 6 in (12.65 m)
- Height: 13 ft 7 in (4.14 m)
- Wing area: 325 ft² (30.19 m²)
- Empty weight: 6,404 lb (2,905 kg)
- Loaded weight: 10,676 lb (4,843 kg)
- Max takeoff weight: 10,700 lb (4,853 kg)
- Powerplant: 1× Wright R-1820-60 radial engine, 1,200 hp (895 kW)
Performance
- Maximum speed: 255 mph (410.38 km/h)
- Range: 773 mi (1243.8 km)
- Service ceiling: 25,530 ft (7,780 m)
- Rate of climb: 1,700 ft/min (8.6 m/s)
- Wing loading: 32.8 lb/ft² (160.4 kg/m²)
- Power/mass: 0.11 hp/lb (0.18 kW/kg)
Armament
- 2x 0.5 in (12.7 mm) forward-firing machine guns
- 2x 0.3 in (7.62 mm) flexible-mounted machine guns
- 2,250 lb (1,020 kg) of bombs
[edit] Sources
Barrett Tillman. The Dauntless Dive Bomber of World War II. Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, MD, 1976 (softcover 2006.)
[edit] External links
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[edit] Related content
Related development
Comparable aircraft
Designation sequence
- Navy sequence: SBC - SB2C - SB3C - SBD - XSB2D - SBU - SB2U
- Army sequence: A-21 - A-22 - A-23 - A-24 - A-25 - A-26 - A-27
