Sarah (chimpanzee)
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Sarah is an enculturated research chimpanzee whose cognitive skills are documented in The Mind of an Ape, by David Premack and Ann James Premack (1983). Sarah was one of nine chimpanzees in David Premack's psychology laboratory in Pennsylvania. Sarah was born in Africa in 1962. She first worked in Missouri, then in Santa Barbara, and then Pennsylvania. She first was exposed to language token training in 1967.
Sarah was the subject, along with 3 other chimpanzees who were exposed to language token training. One of the chimpanzees failed to learn a single word. But Sarah, Elizabeth and Peony were able to parse and also produce streams of tokens which obeyed a grammar.
Pains were taken to produce a language which did not correspond to percepts in the real world, but which required the chimpanzees to associate a token with a relationship, such as "is" or "not".
When the Premacks decided they no longer wanted to work with chimpanzees in 1987, Sarah was sent to Sarah Boysen's Chimp Center at the Ohio State University, where she lived and worked with other enculturated chimpanzees: Kermit, Darrell, Bobby, Sheba, Keeli, Ivy, Harper and Emma. In February 2006, the Chimp Center was closed and OSU sent the chimps to a private animal collection in Texas.
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