Sam Loyd

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Samuel Loyd (1841-1911)
Enlarge
Samuel Loyd (1841-1911)

Samuel Loyd (January 31, 1841April 10, 1911), born in Philadelphia and raised in New York, was an American puzzle author and recreational mathematician.

As a chess composer, he authored a number of chess problems, often with witty themes. At his peak, Loyd was one of the best chess players in the U.S., and was ranked 15th in the world, according to Chessmetrics.

Loyd claimed from 1891 until his death in 1911 that he invented the fifteen puzzle, but he had nothing to do with the invention or popularity of the puzzle.

An enthusiast of Tangram puzzles, Loyd published a book of seven hundred unique Tangram designs and a fanciful history of the origin of the Tangram.

Following his death, his book Cyclopedia of Puzzles was published (1914).

Contents

[edit] Excelsior problem

Image:chess_zhor_26.png
Image:chess_zver_26.png
a8 b8 c8 d8 e8 f8 g8 h8
a7 b7 c7 d7 e7 f7 g7 h7
a6 b6 c6 d6 e6 f6 g6 h6
a5 b5 c5 d5 e5 f5 g5 h5
a4 b4 c4 d4 e4 f4 g4 h4
a3 b3 c3 d3 e3 f3 g3 h3
a2 b2 c2 d2 e2 f2 g2 h2
a1 b1 c1 d1 e1 f1 g1 h1
Image:chess_zver_26.png
Image:chess_zhor_26.png
Sam Loyd's "Excelsior". See "Excelsior" for the solution.
Main article: Excelsior (chess problem)

One of his best known chess problems is the following, called "Excelsior" by Loyd after the poem by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. White is to move and checkmate black in five moves against any defense:

Loyd bet a friend that he could not pick a piece that didn't give mate in the main line, and when it was published in 1861 it was with the stipulation that white mates with "the least likely piece or pawn".

[edit] Trick Donkeys problem

Sam Loyd's trick donkeys problem.
Enlarge
Sam Loyd's trick donkeys problem.

Another of Loyd's notable puzzles was the "Trick Donkeys". It was based on a similar puzzle involving dogs published in 1857. In the problem, the solver must cut the drawing along the dotted lines and the rearrange the three pieces so that the riders appear to be riding the donkeys.

[edit] Books

[edit] See also

[edit] Further reading

[edit] External links