Sámuel Teleki
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Count Samuel Teleki von Szek (November 1, 1845 – March 10, 1916) was a Hungarian explorer who led the first expedition to Northern Kenya. He was the first European to see, and name, Lake Rudolf (Lake Turkana).
A member of a prominent Hungarian family both in official and cultural life; another Samuel Teleki (1739-1822) former chancellor of Transylvania, founded the Teleki library in Marosvásárhely, one of the first Hungarian public libraries, opened in 1802 which holds more than 200,000 priceless volumes.
For some 40 years, the Hungarian count Samuel Teleki von Szék, "a jovial Hungarian aristocrat of immense wealth," managed his property and assets and made a political career becoming a member of the Hungarian upper House in 1881. A keen hunter, he was fascinated by the early African explorers. In 1886, he accepted a suggestion from his friend and benefactor, Crown Prince Rudolf of Austria, son of the Austro-Hungarian emperor Franz-Josef I, to turn the safari he was planning into a journey of exploration of the territories north of Lake Baringo, beyond where scottish explorer Joseph Thomson (1858-1895) had set foot, to find the desert lake whose existence had been rumoured by previous travellers, based on local legends about a sea that lay beyond the desert, surrounded by tribes of giants and islands inhabited by monsters and ghosts.
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[edit] His first expedition
Count Teleki and his companion, Lt Ludwig von Höhnel (1856-1942) an Austrian naval officer, left Pangani (Tanzania) in February 1887 with around 400 porters, following the river Ruvu. They were the first to survey a great part of the East African Rift Valley. Teleki was the first to reach the snow-line on Mount Kilimanjaro at 5.300 m, and the first explorer who set foot on Mount Kenya, climbing up to around 4.300 m. to later head on northwards following the interior river system to discover on 5th March 1888 the last of the Great Lakes, referred to as the Jade Sea by Count Teleki who named the lake after his friend the prince. The lake was renamed Turkana in 1975 from the tribe that inhabits its shores. Teleki's and von Höhnel's journey also unveiled a smaller lake, Stefanie (after the prince's wife, now the Chew Bahir) south of Ethiopia.
[edit] His collection
Teleki and Höhnel made many observations on the climate, flora and fauna of the territories visited. One of the giant Lobelia plants found in the Afro-alpine belt of Mt Kenya is named Lobelia telekii, after Count Samuel Teleki. They also collected more than 400 ethnographical objects, most of them from Maasai and Kikuyu tribes and brought home a valuable collection of plants and animals.
[edit] Teleki's volcano
During the return to the East African coast, which they reached at Mombasa in October 1888, along the dry riverbed of the Turkwel, Teleki discovered an active volcano (Teleki’s Volcano) in southern Kenya. On their way back, they stopped at Aden whence Teleki apparently intended to explore at a later date the Ethiopian highlands and the great lakes region from the north. In 1895 Teleki was back in Kenya in another unsuccessful effort to climb the Kilimanjaro.
[edit] East African diaries
Teleki wrote "East African diaries", in Hungarian, 1886-95 with English translations. Von Höhnel wrote a report of the expedition entitled The discovery of Lakes Rudolf and Stefanie.
After the expedition, Teleki returned to his aristocratic life in Hungary, dying in Budapest after a long illness.
