Royal Military Police

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The Royal Military Police (RMP) is the branch of the British Army responsible for the policing of service personnel and providing a military police presence on service property, operations and exercises.[1] Its members are generally known as Redcaps because they wear red-topped peaked caps or red berets. Their stable belt was red until 1992, when they were federated into the Adjutant General's Corps and started wearing the blue and red belt of the AGC. As of July 2006, several RMP companies have started wearing a new version of the original red belt (different shade of red from the original). Like other military police around the world, they continue to wear white webbing with barrack dress but white gaiters have not been worn since the 1960s. The regimental march of the RMP is the 'Watchtower'

Contents

[edit] Role

The RMP's principal duties are:

  • The provision of garrison police facilities;
  • Law enforcement and crime prevention; and liaison with Home Office police forces and other police forces worldwide when Army interests are involved or suspected;
  • Tactical military police support to the Army in all phases of military operations.
  • The provision of close protection worldwide to those deemed by the Ministry of Defence to warrant such.

RMP personnel are not sworn in as constables and only have police powers whilst dealing with military personnel, dependents or overseas contractors sponsored by the Army. RMP personnel do not have to be on Ministry of Defence land to exercise their authority.

[edit] Police duties

RMP Flag
RMP Flag

During peacetime the RMP is responsible for policing the Army at home in the UK and abroad.

As well as providing mobile and foot patrols in garrison/major unit areas, some RMP NCOs are allocated roles working on Married Services Quarters (service family accommodation estates), such as Community Liaison Officer and Crime Reduction Officer. Part of this role involves visiting schools in the MSQ catchment area where the school children come from service families. In the UK this work is often done in conjunction with counterparts from the Ministry of Defence Police. The RMP does not and never has guarded gates at Army barracks, apart from its own RHQ, nor should it be confused with Regimental Police.

In garrison areas, the RMP often patrol local towns on Friday and Saturday nights at venues where service personnel are likely to frequent. This often means good co-operation with the local civil police force so an appropriate public order response can be given when required.

[edit] Exercises and operations

RMP Para Provost DZ Patch (16 Air Assault Brigade)
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RMP Para Provost DZ Patch (16 Air Assault Brigade)

A lot of the skills an RMP NCO uses in policing the military community are also transferable when on exercise or operations.

The wartime role of the RMP is not just to provide support in rear areas. RMP detachments are often in the vanguard of any advance by British military formations. During Operation Granby, RMP personnel followed Royal Engineers combat units from the form up points to mark out safe routes through minefields.

As soon as the first combat troops begin to advance, the RMP guides and marshals other combat and support units toward the front of the advance. As the forward units advance, the RMP sets up traffic posts so they are able to maintain major supply routes.

Other wartime roles for the RMP are:

  • Prisoner handling
  • Maintenance of law and discipline
  • Investigating crime
  • War crime investigations

[edit] History

The post of Provost Marshal has existed since William of Cassingham was appointed by Henry III on 28 May 1241 (the original title was Sergeant of the Peace). The Provost Marshal has always had men detached to assist him, an arrangement formalised by the Duke of Wellington in the Peninsular War; but only since 1877 has there actually existed a regular corps of military police. In that year, the Military Mounted Police (MMP) was formed, followed by the Military Foot Police (MFP) in 1885. Although technically two independent corps, these two effectively functioned as a single organisation. In 1926 they were fully amalgamated to form the Corps of Military Police (CMP). In recognition of their service in the Second World War, they became the Corps of Royal Military Police (RMP) on 28 November 1946 under Army Order 167.

On 6 April 1992 the RMP lost its status as an independent corps and, together with the Military Provost Staff Corps, became the Provost Branch of the Adjutant General's Corps. It was, however, permitted to retain the name "Royal Military Police", together with its cap badge and other distinctive insignia including the red cap.

The RMP's motto is Exemplo Ducemus, Latin for "By example, we lead".

One of the nicknames for the RMP is the "Monkey Hangers". This comes from the time of the Napoleonic Wars, when a merchant ship docked at Hartlepool; on board the ship was a small monkey dressed in a sailor's costume. The local people who saw the monkey were convinced that it was a French spy and demanded its demise. The Provost hanged the monkey to avoid a riot taking place. The nickname stuck both for the RMP (whose members wear a monkey tie pin) and the citizens of Hartlepool.

[edit] First World War

In 1914 the Corps of Military Mounted Police and the Corps of Military Foot Police had a total establishment of nearly 5000 men. When the British Expeditionary Force was sent to France in that year, each division had one Assistant Provost Marshal in the rank of Major and several NCOs. The Provost Marshal was a Colonel until 1915, and a Brigadier-General thenceforward.

During the retreat from Mons the MPs were busy dealing with soldiers who, through exhaustion or the general confusion of battle, had either lost or became detached from their units. By operating stragglers posts, the MPs were able to return soldiers to their units. These posts were also well placed to pick out deserters and those Absent With Out Leave (AWOL).

The First World War was the conflict where traffic control became an important function. This was identified particulary after the Battle of Loos, when there was a lot of confusion involving two British divisions. As well as traffic control, the BEF provost units dealt with the maintenance of law and order (i.e. the detection of crime and the arrest of offenders), custody of prisoners of war until handed over to detention facilities, surveillance, control and protection of civilians.

The work undertaken by MPs was not all carried out behind the lines, and sometimes they came under heavy fire. Durung this conflict, the Military Police suffered 375 casualties. Sixty-five received the Distinguished Conduct Medal and 260 received the Military Medal.

As well as the BEF, MPs served in war zones around world during the First World War,

[edit] Second World War

CMP & RMP shoulder badges
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CMP & RMP shoulder badges

At the beginning of the Second World War, the CMP had several branches: Special Investigation Branch (SIB); Red Caps, who were responsible for general policing; Blue Caps (Vunerable Points), responsible for security of static locations and establishments; White Caps (Traffic Control); and Field Security Wing (Green Caps), which was separated from the CMP in 1940 to form the Intelligence Corps, and who wore the CMP capbadge, but without the scroll. By the end of the war the Red Caps had replaced the Blue and White Caps. The RMP provided support to the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) in France and these units were also involved in Operation Dynamo.

[edit] Operation Overlord

On 6 June 1944, the Allies launched Operation Overlord, the invasion of the European mainland. CMP units taking part included:

"The Battle of Normandy and subsequent battles would never have been won but for the work and co-operation of the Provost on the traffic routes." (Field Marshal Montgomery, 1945)

[edit] Operation Market Garden

In 1944, the Allies launched Operation Market Garden, the airborne assault to capture bridges over the Lower Rhine in the Netherlands. The 1st (Airborne) Divisional Provost Company, CMP captured the police station in Arnhem, but then suffered heavy losses when the II SS Panzer Corps counter attacked.

[edit] Operation Varsity

On 24 March 1945, the British 6th Airborne Division successfully launched Operation Varsity at Wesel, Western Germany. This airborne operation was part of the bigger Operation Plunder, the crossing of the Rhine.

CMP units taking part in Operation Varsity were:

  • 6th (Airborne) Divisional Provost Company, CMP
  • HQ, 245th Provost Company, CMP

CMP units taking part in Operation Plunder included:

[edit] Cold War

In 1946, the Robertson-Mallinin agreement introduced Military Missions into the post-war Control Zones of Germany. The Soviet Union maintained missions (SOXMIS) in the U.S., French and British zones. In the British sector the Soviet Mission was based in Bünde near Herford. British Forces maintained a mission (BRIXMIS) in the Soviet Zone (East Germany).

The RMP had the task of policing the Soviet mission in Bünde, and this was tasked to 19 (Support) Platoon RMP, who became known as "white mice". This unit's job was to wait outside the Soviet mission until a SOXMIS vehicle appeared and then follow it.

In restricted areas, Soviet vehicles were not permitted to leave the autobahns (not even in parking areas) unless accompanied by U.S., British or French military police.

The agreements remained in force until 2 October 1990, when all three missions were deactivated on the eve of Germany's reunification.

In Berlin, 247 Provost Coy RMP was responsible for manning the British Sector checkpoints and Border Patrols. It maintained a armed unit of German nationals, the German Security Unit, whose commander was a senior NCO from a British infantry regiment. This was disbanded after reunification, when the British Garrison in Berlin was closed.

[edit] Korean War

The Korean War was fought between 1950 and 1953. As part of British and Commonwealth Forces the RMP deployed:

  • 27 Brigade Provost Section RMP
  • 28 Brigade Provost Section RMP

The Corps had one fatality during this conflict:

  • Sergeant D. R. Kinnear

[edit] Malayan Emergency and the Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation

The Malayan Emergency lasted from 1948 to 1960. The UK commmited British forces (including the RMP) to combat communist guerilla forces. The Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation lasted from 1962 to 1966.

Between 1948 and 1956, thirteen members of the RMP lost their lives in this conflict. Britain still maintains military forces in Brunei, including an RMP unit.

[edit] The Suez Canal Zone Emergency and Suez Crisis

Between 1951 and 1955, British forces stationed in the Suez canal zone were engaged in operations against terrorists. The RMP lost eight members during this emergency. The RMP were also involved in Operation Musketeer, the Suez Crisis in 1956.

[edit] Cyprus

On 1 April 1955 a terrorist campaign was started by the Ethniki Organosis Kypriou Agonistou (EOKA) in Cyprus. It lasted until 1959.

Units of the RMP involved which were involved during the emergency were:

  • 1st Guards Brigade HQ RMP. Waynes Keep, Nicosia
  • 1 Independent Infantry Division Provost Company (Detachment) RMP. HQ Nicosia
  • 3 Infantry Division Provost Company RMP. Famagusta
  • No 6 Army Guard Unit RMP. Laketamia, Larnaca, Dhekelia
  • 227 GHQ Provost Company RMP. Nicosia, with detachments at Famagusta, Limassol, Larnaca, Paphos, Kyrenia
  • 51 Brigade Independent Provost Company RMP
  • Cyprus District Provost Company

The following RMP casualties are buried at the Waynes Keep Cemetry, which is located in the United Nations Buffer Zone.

  • Lance-Corporal W. R. Bell, 227 GHQ Provost Company RMP
  • Lance-Corporal W. N. Cameron, 51 Independent Infantry Brigade Provost Company RMP
  • Lance-Corporal R. J. Downing, 3 Infantry Division Provost Company RMP
  • Lance-Corporal R. B. Leitch, 227 Provost Company RMP
  • Lance-Corporal D. W. Perry, HQ 3 Brigade RMP
  • Lance-Corporal A. R. Shaw, 3 Independent Infantry Division Provost Compnay RMP
  • Lance-Corporal G. A. Todd
  • Lance-Corporal B. F. Turvey
  • Lance-Corporal B. D. Welsh

In 1955, Major Greenaway, who was the Officer Commanding 1 Division Provost Company (Detachment), was paralysed after being shot in the back; he was repatriated to the UK.

[edit] Kenya, 1952–1960

During this period the British Army was conducting operations against terrorists of the Mau Mau. An RMP unit was based in Nairobi.

[edit] Aden

The following RMP units were involved in the emergency in Aden (1964–1967):

  • 24 Brigade Provost Unit RMP (Falaise Barracks, Little Aden)
  • Port Security Force RMP (based at HMS Sheba until 1967)

[edit] Northern Ireland: Operation Banner

Main article: Operation Banner

During the troubles which started in 1969, four members of the RMP have lost their lives.

[edit] Falklands Conflict: Operation Corporate

Main article: Operation Corporate

After the Argentine forces surrendered, 5 Infantry Brigade Provost Unit RMP remained on the islands, sworn in as Special Constables until the Falkland Islands Police Force were able to become operational again. After the re-capture of South Georgia (Operation Paraquat), the Argentine commander Lieutenant-Commander Alfredo Astiz was taken to the UK and questioned by the RMP and Sussex Police at the Keep, Roussillon Barracks, Chichester about the murder of Swedish and French nationals several years before. As there was no juristiction for extradition to Sweden or France, he was repatriated to Argentina by the International Committee of the Red Cross.

[edit] Post Cold War

[edit] Middle East: Operation Granby

In 1991, British forces as part of US-led coalition forces invaded Kuwait and Southern Iraq as part of Operation Desert Storm. The British name for this operation was Operation Granby.

RMP units involved were:

  • 203 Provost Company RMP - 7th and 4th Armoured Brigades (1 (British) Armoured Division). This unit was a composite of various RMP units in United Kingdom Land Forces and British Forces Germany
  • 174 Provost Company RMP - Force Maintenance Area

The RMP suffered one fatality:

  • Staff Sergeant D. Tite

[edit] Bosnia and Herzegovina: Operation Resolute

During 1994 the British Army deployed units to Bosnia as part of the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR), which was later superseded by IFOR and then SFOR. These included:

RMP personnel have also been involved in the European Union Force (EUFOR), which took over in 2004.

[edit] Kosovo: Operation Agricola

On 12 June 1999, the UK sent 19,000 troops into Kosovo as part of KFOR. Lead units of the 5 Airborne Brigade, which included the Royal Engineers and RMP, had to deal with booby traps in road tunnels before the Force could advance into Kosovo and seize the Kacanik defile.

[edit] Operation Telic casualties

British operations in Iraq including the 2003 invasion were carried out under the name Operation Telic, which claimed the lives of several members of the RMP.

  • 24 June 2003, Al Majar Al Kabir, Iraq; all from 156 Provost Company RMP (16 Air Assault Brigade); the largest loss of life on a single day in RMP history.[2]
    • Sergeant Simon Hamilton-Jewell
    • Corporal Russell Aston
    • Corporal Paul Long
    • Corporal Simon Miller
    • Lance-Corporal Benjamin Hyde
    • Lance-Corporal Thomas Keys
  • 23 August 2003, Basra
    • Major Matthew Titchener, 150 Provost Company
    • Company Sergeant Major Colin Wall, 150 Provost Company
    • Corporal Dewi Pritchard, 116 Provost Company (V)
  • 31 October 2004, Basra
    • Staff Sergeant Denise Rose, SIB
  • 15 October 2005, Waterloo Lines, Basra
    • Captain Ken Masters, Officer Commanding 61 Section SIB

[edit] Organisation

The RMP is still headed by the Provost Marshal, now a Brigadier. Every formation has a Deputy Provost Marshal (DPM), or Assistant Provost Marshal (APM).

The RMP is divided into units called Provost Companies, subdivided into platoons, and sometimes grouped into regiments. Platoons are commanded by Staff Sergeants and are divided into sections under Sergeants. All non-commissioned RMP personnel are promoted to Lance-Corporal as soon as they complete training in order to give them authority over other soldiers. Commissioned officers were once attached from other branches of the army, but can now be commissioned directly into the RMP. Many RMP officers are commissioned from the ranks.

The RMP is divided into three branches. Most personnel belong to the General Police Duties Branch, which performs uniformed policing and security duties. The Special Investigation Branch is the crime detection branch. The Close Protection Unit provides bodyguards for senior military officers and other key personnel (nominated by the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, in danger zones. The RMP also trains the SAS in defensive driving techniques. There is also a Drugs Investigation Team, although random drug testing has reduced its workload.

The RMP sometimes shares its police stations with other police forces. At Catterick Garrison, the RMP station is shared with North Yorkshire Police (who man it during daylight hours). Another police station in Wiltshire is shared with the Ministry of Defence Police and Wiltshire Constabulary. The RMP works closely with the MDP on aspects of Garrison Policing and Security

In the UK the RMP are authorised to use blue lights and sirens on its vehicles by most chief officers of civilian police forces. In British Forces Germany, under the Status Of Forces Act, the RMP has juristiction and primacy over British Forces personnel, their families, MOD contractors, and NAAFI staff. The German civil police only normally become involved where the interests of a German national are involved. The RMP in Germany cover the 1st Armoured Division, which includes 4th Armoured Brigade (Osnabrück), 7th Armoured Brigade (Hohne), and 20th Armoured Brigade (Paderborn), as well as the separate United Kingdom Combat Services Support Command (Germany) based at Rheindahlen. The RMP also maintains a detachment (part of 101 Provost Company) in Belgium for working with convoys to and from the North Sea ports through Belgium and the Netherlands to the German border. This detachment works closely with both the Koninklijke Marechaussee (KMar; Royal Dutch Military Police) and the Belgian 6th Military Police.

As well as being responsible for the Military Provost Staff Corps, the Provost Marshal (A) is also responsible for the Military Provost Guard Service, which provides a guard force of armed troops for bases and units of all three services.

The regimental headquarters of the Royal Military Police will be moving to MOD Southwick Park, Southwick, near Portsmouth in February 2007, co-located with the tri-service Defence Police College.[3] The RMP training centre moved there on 27 September 2005 from the RMP's longstanding RHQ at Roussillon Barracks in Chichester, West Sussex. The HQ of the RMP is located at Trenchard lines in Upavon, Wiltshire. The Service Police Crime Bureau, although not part of the DPC, is co-located with it.

[edit] Training

RMP commissioned officers attend the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, as do all other British Army officers.

RMP Other Ranks recruits undertake phase 1, Common Military Structure (Recruits) at Army Training Regiment Winchester.

Phase 2 is undertaken at the Defence Police College.

The training syllabus includes:

Recruits are expected to maintain a high level of fitness, this is achieved by:

  • Basic Fitness Test, generally known in the services as a BFT: A three-mile run to be completed by those under 25 years of age in around 20 minutes based on individual effort. For those over 25 the time limit increases at intervals. After training the BFT is conducted on a yearly basis; it is a requirement of service to pass.
  • Combat Fitness Test (CFT): Normally undertaken in a squad wearing combat gear . This is to get the recruit used to "tabbing", a cross between a shuffle and a jog. It is especially useful for airborne troops, who may have been dropped several miles from their objective. This allows troops to get to the objective fast, but not in a way which depletes their fitness and stamina whilst carrying a full kit load.

In the British Army there are two medical grades:

  • FE (Forward Everywhere), which is required by combat troops
  • LC (Lines of Communication)

RMP NCOs are expected to go wherever the Army goes, and therefore require an FE medical grade.

[edit] Senior officers

As of 2006

  • Provost Marshal (PM(A)): Brigadier Colin Findlay MBE
  • Chief of Staff (HQ PM(A)): Colonel R. W. Warren MBE
  • Deputy Provost Marshal (DPM): Colonel E. O. Forster-Knight OBE
  • Provost Marshal (Germany) and CO 1 Regiment RMP: Lieutenant-Colonel D. B. Parry-Jones MBE

[edit] Current RMP units

RMP NCO, Exercise Rhino Replen, 1st Armoured Division, 1994
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RMP NCO, Exercise Rhino Replen, 1st Armoured Division, 1994

[edit] Great Britain

[edit] 3 Regiment RMP

[edit] 4 Regiment RMP

[edit] 5 Regiment RMP

Each individual regular RMP company will have smaller Police stations and Police posts at other locations in their area where there is a sizeable Army prescence.

[edit] Special Investigation Branch (UK)

    • Northern Region
    • Eastern Region
    • Western Region
    • 83 Section SIB (Volunteers) (Worthy Down)

[edit] Germany

  • 1 Regiment RMP
    • 110 Provost Company (Paderborn) (20 Armoured Brigade)
    • 111 Provost Company (Bergen Hohne) (7 Armoured Brigade)
    • 115 Provost Company (Osnabrück) (4 Armoured Brigade)
  • Special Investigation Branch (G)
    • HQ SIB (G)
    • Specialist Support Unit (Crime Scene Management and Technical Support)
    • 70 Section SIB (G)
    • 72 Section SIB (G) (Osnabrück)
    • 74 Section SIB (G)
    • 76 Section SIB (G) (Gütersloh)
    • 87 Section SIB (G) (Monchengladbach, co-located with 101 Provost Company)

[edit] Northern Ireland

  • 6 Regiment RMP
    • Regimental Training Wing
    • Operations Company
      • 173 (Operations) Platoon
      • 177 (Support) Platoon
    • Police Company
      • 175 (Provost) Platoon
      • 176 (Provost) Platoon
    • Courts & Witness Section
    • Claims Investigation Team
  • HQ NI Region Provost Branch

[edit] Other units

The RMP also provides some manpower for the Royal Marines Police Troop at Plymouth.

The RMP are also currently deployed (22.5% of manpower) around the world in Kosovo, Bosnia, Iraq, and Afghanistan.[4]

83 Section SIB (V) RMP is maintained by CVHQ at Worthy Down at the Central Volunteer Headquarters, formerly maintained four specialist general police duty companies in addition to 83 Sec. These were 152, 251, 165 and 164 Provost Companies, which were disbanded in 2000 as part of the Strategic Defence Review. The CVHQ is now responsible for providing specialist RMP (Territorial Army) components to the Allied Rapid Reaction Corps as well having responsiblity for training all RMP TA recruits.

[edit] Equipment

The RMP is equipped with standard British Army weapons, as well as extendable batons, Quickcuffs/ handcuffs and pava spray.

RMP Opel Vectra Patrol Car
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RMP Opel Vectra Patrol Car

The RMP also issues dark blue stab vests which display the RMP brassard flash. Every RMP soldier is issued with a reversible high visibility (Hi Viz or HV) saffron yellow jacket.

Most RMP patrol cars are marked in standard police battenberg scheme. Home Office police radios are fitted to those in the UK.

The RMP also uses the Home Office Large Major Enquiry System known as HOLMES, as well as having access to the Police National Computer database.

[edit] The RMP in popular culture

Redcap Series 1 starring John Thaw
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Redcap Series 1 starring John Thaw

Redcap, a television drama series which aired from 1964 to 1966, starred John Thaw as SIB investigator Sergeant John Mann.

Red Cap, another television drama series, which aired in 2003 and 2004, starred Tamzin Outhwaite as Sergeant Jo McDonagh, also an SIB investigator.

Soldier Soldier, a television drama series about an infantry company which aired from 1991 to 1997, featured Holly Aird as Corporal (later Sergeant) Nancy Thorpe RMP.

The Real Redcaps was a television documentary series about the Royal Military Police which aired from 2003 to 2005.[5]

[edit] See also

[edit] References

  1. ^ Ministry of Defence, Royal Military Police website, (accessed 15 Nov 06)
  2. ^ MOD Oracle news,Tragedy Of Errors In RMP Deaths,Guardian Unlimited(accessed 16 Nov 06)
  3. ^ RMP Journal
  4. ^ RMP Journal
  5. ^ The Real Redcaps, Produced by Anglia Television/Channel Television/Meridian Broadcasting for ITV 2005


 
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