Riverside Park (Manhattan)
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Riverside Park is a scenic waterfront public park on the Upper West Side of the borough of Manhattan in New York City, operated and maintained by the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. The park consists of a narrow four-mile strip of land between the Hudson River and the gently curving rise-and-fall of Riverside Drive. When the park was first laid out, access to the river was blocked by the right-of-way of the New York Central Railroad West Side Line; it was covered over with an esplanade later. It also contains part of the NYC greenway bike path, which encircles Manhattan's waterfronts, with car free bike routes.
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[edit] History
[edit] Frederick Law Olmsted
Construction of the park began in the early 1870s. The concept plan was drawn by Frederick Law Olmsted, designer of the nearby Central Park. Primary construction was completed in about 1910.
[edit] Robert Moses
In the 1930s, Robert Moses completed the "Westside Improvement Project" which greatly improved the park which had become a haven for squatters. Moses project which included construction of the Henry Hudson Parkway called for covering the New York Central rail line. The park and the parkway were done so skillfully that the public is generally unaware that a rail track now used by Amtrak is underneath. The project which cost more than $100 million in the 1930s was twice as big as the Hoover Dam project.
Moses described the area before his project:
- "a wasteland six miles long, stretching from where he stood all the way north to 181st street...the 'park' was nothing but a vast low-lying mass of dirt and mud. Unpainted, rusting, jagged wire fences along the tracks barred the city from its waterfront...the engines that pulled trains along the tracks burned coal or oil; from their smokestacks a dense black smog rose toward the apartment houses, coating windowsills with grit...[a stench] seemed to hang over Riverside Drive endlessly after each passage of a train carrying south to the slaughterhouses in downtown Manhattan carload after carload of cattle and pigs." ( —Robert A. Caro, The Power Broker: Robert Moses and the Fall of New York, pp. 65-6)
[edit] Donald Trump
In the 1990s, Donald Trump and an assortment of Hong Kong investors agreed to expand the park by 23 acres from 72nd to 59th Street (called Riverside Park South). This land was originally part of the Penn Central freight rail yards (but seldom used since the 1968 merger of the financially ailing New York Central and Pennsylvania Railroad). The new park is part of the development of Trump Place, the biggest private real estate venture in New York City.
With the addition of Riverside Park South and Hudson River Park, created between Battery Park and 59th Street as part of the 1990s West Side Highway improvement, a leafy boulevard now stretches the length of Manhattan from north to south.
[edit] Boundaries
The primary section of Riverside Park are the tiered slopes between the Hudson and Riverside Drive between 72nd Street to 125th Street. Riverside South is being added to the south from 72nd to 59th Street on the former Penn Central yards. It connects to the Hudson River Park which goes all the way south to the tip of Manhattan. There is also a northern section of the park from 145th St. to 155th St. and adjacent to Riverbank State Park. Paths along the river connect the park to Hudson River Park to the south and Fort Washington Park to the north.
[edit] Monuments
Notable monument and statues in the park include the Eleanor Roosevelt Monument at 72nd Street (Penelope Jencks, sculptor), the Soldiers and Sailors Monument at 89th Street, the Joan of Arc statue at 93rd Street (Anna Hyatt Huntington, sculptor), and New York's version of the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus. The numerous recreational facilities include tennis, volleyball and basketball courts; soccer fields, and a skate park that opened in the summer of 1995 at 108th St. There is a marina at 79th Street and also a kayak launch at 148th St. Before the park existed, Edgar Allan Poe liked to sit on rocky "Mount Tom" at 83rd Street.
Riverside Park almost received a children's playground designed by the great poets of Modernist style, the architect Louis Kahn and the sculptor/architect Isamu Noguchi working in collaboration. Despite their redesigning this playground five times, between 1961 and 1966, neighborhood resistance triumphed and the project was canceled by the new administration of Mayor John Lindsay.
Riverside Park also almost received a monument to the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. A granite placque was set in the paving at the end of the Promenade near 84th St. on October 19, 1947. It reads:
- "This is the site for the American memorial to the heroes of the Warsaw Ghetto Battle April-May 1943 and to the six million Jews of Europe martyred in the cause of human liberty."
[edit] Recreation Options
Riverside Park is enjoyed by New Yorkers and tourists of all ages. There is a bicycle / inline skating pathway that leads from 125th Street to 72nd Street. During the spring and the summer, there is also a free kayak rental at the lower tip of the park. Kayaks may be rented only on weekends, weather-permitting. There are also many softball/baseball fields under renovation in time for the spring of 2006. Riverside Park is a getaway from distracting city life, and it is an asset for the Upper West Side of Manhattan.
[edit] Park in the Movies
One of the more memorable street gangs from the 1979 film The Warriors, the "Baseball Furies" hail from Riverside Park. The park itself featured in one scene from the film.
The park is also where Tom Hanks and Meg Ryan meet at the end of the 1998 movie You've Got Mail.
[edit] Riverside Park Fund
Riverside Park is supported by a nonprofit partner organization, the Riverside Park Fund. In the late 1970's, New York City's park system was in bad shape - underfunded and plagued with crime. Out of this period, Riverside Park Fund emerged as a grassroots community organization formed to reclaim the park by establishing community gardens and improving park maintenance. Today, Riverside Park Fund has over 4,000 members and a budget of nearly $2 million dollars, most of which is dedicated to park programs and projects, like gardens, playgrounds, sports fields, monuments and landscaping. Riverside Park Fund's volunteers dedicate over 35,000 hours of service to the park.
[edit] See also
- The Freedom Tunnel: a shelter for the homeless and monument to the beauty of Graffiti in Riverside Park
- Giuliani (turkey), a wild turkey resident in the park
