Retrograde amnesia
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| ICD-10 | R41.2 |
|---|---|
| ICD-9 | 780.9 |
Retrograde amnesia is a form of amnesia where someone will be unable to recall events that occurred before the onset of amnesia. The term is used to categorise patterns of symptoms, rather than to indicate a particular cause or etiology. Both retrograde amnesia and anterograde amnesia can occur together in the same patient, and commonly result from damage to the brain regions most closely associated with episodic/declarative memory: the medial temporal lobes and especially the hippocampus." [1]
Retrograde amnesia is caused by trauma that results in brain injury. Critical details of the physical changes in the brain that cause retrograde amnesia are still unknown. Retrograde amnesia is often temporally graded, meaning that remote memories are more easily accessible than events occurring just prior to the trauma (Ribot's Law). [2] Events nearest in time to the accident that caused memory loss may never be recovered.
The memory loss may just affect specific “classes” of memory. For instance the victim, a concert pianist before, may still remember what a piano is after the onset of retrograde amnesia, but may forget how to play. The relearning rate for often used skills such as typing and math is typically faster than if they had never learned it before. While there is no cure for retrograde amnesia, “jogging” the victim’s memory by exposing them to significant articles from their past will speed the rate of recall.
The victim of retrograde amnesia may feel embarrassed or stressed that they no longer remember key people and significant events. Typically the victim may be overwhelmed by the rush of well-wishers who seek to reacquaint themselves. It is important to let the amnesiac go at his or her “own pace,” so they are not overly stressed. Forgotten relations forget that they are effectively meeting the victim for the “first time” and may make the victim uncomfortable through displays of friendship such as kissing or slapping on the back that, while appropriate for longtime relationships, are not appropriate for “first time” meetings.
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'Bold textBold text Retrograde amnesia is a type of amnesia where individuals lose severe explicit memory for events before whatever trauma induces the memory loss. Forms of retrograde amnesia does not occur when someone sustains a concussion from an accident, injury, or can obtain it through a disease.
A result of damage that hypothalamus are parts of the brain that is most likely to be damaged or affected. When the retrograde amnesia condition is acquired, individuals have a very difficult time remembering events in their life that occurred prior to the brain injury.
Fortunately, these people who obtain it do not lose all of their memories. An individual who suffers from retrograde amnesia usually has no recollection of the years in the individual's prime. Usually after time passes, parts of the individual's memory slowly return as it starts with the least recent events from the distant past to events that happened more recently towards the time of the accident that caused the amnesia. Events that happened right before an incident are lost and never obtained.
Sources: Cognitive Psychology Fourth Edition by Robert J. Sternberg
Seanotrakul 02:32, 8 December 2006 (UTC)Sean Otrakul. December 7, 2006
