Republic RC-3 Seabee
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| RC-3 Seabee | |
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| Type | Amphibious |
| Manufacturer | Republic Aviation Company |
| Designed by | Percival Spencer |
| Maiden flight | December 1st, 1946 |
| Introduced | 1946 |
| Status | many still flying |
| Primary user | Civilian |
| Number built | 1,060 |
| Unit cost | US$6000 in 1946 |
The Republic RC-3 Seabee is an all-metal amphibious sports aircraft designed by Percival Spencer and manufactured by the Republic Aircraft Corporation.
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[edit] Origins
The RC-3 Seabee was the brainchild of Percival Hopkins "Spence" Spencer, an early aviation pioneer who built his first hang glider in April 1911, just two weeks after his 17th birthday, using plans he found in a "Popular Mechanics" magazine. On May 15th 1914 "Spence" would make his first powered flight in a Curtiss Type Flying Boat. In 1937 he would team up with Sikorsky engineer Vincent A. Larsen to design their first, and only, amphibious aircraft, the Spencer-Larsen SL-12C. Development of the plane progressed slowly, and in September 1940 Spencer left the partnership to found his own company. His aircraft would be called the Spencer S-12 Air Car Amphibian. Construction of the S-12 began on March 1st 1941 and the small, two seat S-12 (NX29098) made its first flight on August 8th 1941. The S-12 was a fabric covered amphibian with a unique box like forward cabin, a high wing with a pusher style two bladed propeller, and a long, slender tail boom.
In December 1941 "Spence" put the Air Car away to join the war effort as a test pilot for the Republic Aircraft Corporation. By 1943 he had flight tested 134 of the company's P-47 Thunderbolts. In April 1943 "Spence" left Republic Aircraft to join the Mills Novelty Company of Chicago, Illinois who wanted to use his Air Car to promote their company. "Spence" used the company's wood forming equipment to form a new egg shaped cabin for the Air Car and began demonstrating the aircraft to his former employers, Republic Aircraft. Seeing the potential of the Air Car as the perfect sports plane for pilots returning from the War, Republic purchased the rights to the Air Car in December 1943 and immediately began development of an all-metal version designated the Model RC-1 Thunderbolt Amphibian. On November 30th 1944 the first RC-1 Thunderbolt Amphibian (NX41816) makes its first flight with "Spence" at the controls.
The aircraft was displayed in St Louis, Missouri in December, and by the end of 1944 Republic had received 1,972 civilian orders for the $3,500 airplane. The aircraft was also shown to the U.S. Navy and Army Air Corps. Both divisions were pleased with the design, and on February 19th 1945 the Navy granted Republic Aviation the rights to use the name Seabee for the civilian version. The Army placed a large order for the aircraft, to be used for air sea rescue operations under the designation OA-15. In September 1945, following VJ Day, both the Army and Navy would cancel their orders, which by that time totaled over $20,000,000. The OA-15 Seabee would be the last USAAF aircraft to use the OA designation, which was dropped by the Air Force in 1947.
[edit] Production
On November 22nd 1945 the prototype RC-3 Seabee (NX87451) came off the assembly line at Republic's factory in Farmingdale, New York, and on December 1st made its first flight in Farmingdale with "Spence" at the controls.
On December 27th 1945 Republic Aviation purchased Aircooled Motors, manufacturers of the Franklin Aircraft engine, to supply and build engines for the RC-3 Seabee.
In March, 1946 the first production RC-3 Seabee is completed (NC87457, formerly NX87457), and on July 25th 1946 the first Seabee (NC87463, production #13) is delivered at the Republic factory to J.G. (Tex) Rankin of Rankin Aviation Industries of Tulare, California.
In the late 1940's aircraft manufacturers hoped that military pilots returning from the war would want to continue flying civilian aircraft for pleasure and sport. This never occurred to the extent the companies imagined, as most wartime pilots returned home never to fly again. As a result many small, optomistic aircraft companies appeared then quickly disappeared in the immediate post war years.
On October 4th 1947 Republic Aviation Corp. announced that it was discontinuing production of the RC-3 Seabee amphibian for the personal plane market. Republic's president Mundy I. Peale stated that; "Due to the need of all Republic's production facilities for the manufacture of other types of airplanes, the company has decided to discontinue production of the Seabee". Actually, by summer 1947 the Seabee sales had almost stalled and since June 1947 the production had been put on hold, awaiting further sales. By the end of production a respectable 1,060 Seabees had been built. Though this was far from the 5,000 Seabees per year Republic had hoped to sell, it still represented a significant number of airplanes compared to other struggling aircraft companies of the same era. Only Piper, with their cheap, long lived Cub and Super Cub, Beech's popular Bonanza, and Cessna's early 140's and 150's would sell in numbers greater than the Seabee. This was due in no small part to the very low price of the Seabee. During production, however, the price of the Seabee would rise from its original $3,500 to $4,495 effective July 15, 1946, and to a final price of $6000 effective November 15, 1946. This still represented a remarkable bargain for a four seat all metal amphibian. Republic would sell its last new Seabee in 1948. By that time the demand for civilian aircraft had shown itself to be far less than anticipated, and Republic turned its attention back to military contracts, developing the very successful F-84 Thunderjet, which would be built on the same assembly lines formerly used to build the Seabee.
[edit] Operation
The Seabees became very popular in the USA and Canada and was also found to be ideally suited for operation in countries with long coast lines, many islands, many lakes and large areas of wilderness. By the time production ended, 108 Seabees had been exported to Argentina, Brazil, Chile, England, France, Israel, India, Mexico, Norway, Sweden and Uruguay, and dealerships were established in Brazil, Cuba, Panama, Colombia, Mexico, Uruguay, Peru, Venezuela, Chile, Argentina, Fiji, New Caledona, South Africa, England, Norway, Sweden.
In the late 1940s and throughout the 1950s, the Seabee became one of the most popular bush planes and air ambulances in countries like Canada, Norway, Sweden as well as the USA. Many life-saving missions were flown by hero Seabee pilots rescuing seriously ill people from remote islands and vast wilderness, as well as Seabee pilots making "impossible" takeoffs and landings from small lakes to deliver supplies to hunters and trappers.
In 2006 over 250 Seabees are still registered and flying, a number that is increasing yearly as new aircraft are assembled from parts and wrecks. A few Seabees are even still operating commercially as bush planes and air taxis. In the history of aviation few aircraft have had longer, or more successful careers than the Seabee.
[edit] Modifications
Recently 23 Seabees were converted to a two-engine variant known as the Twin Bee with the addition of two tractor style engines mounted in the wings. The added thrust greatly enhances the plane's performance with regards to speed, acceleration and capacity. Recently the use of a modern Corvette engine has also shown promise.
[edit] Specifications
General characteristics
- Crew: 1 pilot, 3 passengers
- Length: 27 ft 10.5 in ()
- Wingspan: 37 ft 8 in ()
- Height: 10 ft 1 in ()
- Wing area: 196 ft² ()
- Empty weight: 2,190 lb ()
- Loaded weight: 2,810 lb ()
- Max takeoff weight: 3,150 lb ()
- Powerplant: × 1 Franklin (Aircooled Motors) 6A8-215-B8F or 6A8-215-B9F 6 cylinder horizontally opposed engine , 215 hp at 2,500 rpm's () each
Performance
- Maximum speed: 148 mph
- Range: 520 miles ()
- Service ceiling: 12,000 ft ()
- Rate of climb: 700 ft/min ()
[edit] External links
[edit] Related content
Related development
- Spencer-Larsen SL-12C
- Republic RC-1 Thunderbolt Amphibian
- Trident TR-1 Trigull
- STOL UC-1 Twin Bee
Comparable aircraft
- FN.333 Riveria
- Colonial Skimmer
- Lake Amphibian
- Thurston TRC-1 Teal
- de Havilland DHC-3 Otter
Designation sequence
- Consolidated OA-10 Catalina - Sikorsky OA-11 - Grumman OA-12 Duck - Grumman OA-13 Goose - Grumman OA-14 Widgeon - Republic OA-15 Seabee
Related lists
List of military aircraft of the United States
