Religion in Vojvodina
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Dominant religion in Vojvodina is Orthodox Christianity (notably the Serbian Orthodox Church), while other important religions of the region are Catholic Christianity, Protestant Christianity, Islam, and Judaism.
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[edit] 2002 census data
According to the 2002 census the main religious groups in Vojvodina were:
- Orthodox Christians = 1,401,475 (68.97%)
- Catholic Christians = 388,313 (19.11%)
- Protestant Christians = 72,159 (3.55%)
- Muslims = 8,073
- Jews = 329
- Adherents of Oriental Cults = 166
[edit] Orthodox Christianity
The absolute majority of the population of Vojvodina (68.97%) are adherents of Orthodox Christianity. Most of the adherents belong to the Serbian Orthodox Church, and smaller number of them to the Romanian Orthodox Church. The ethnic groups whose members are mostly adherents of Orthodox Christianity are: Serbs, Montenegrins, Romanians, Yugoslavs, Roma, Macedonians, Ukrainians, Russians, Greeks, Vlachs, etc.
Fruška Gora, a mountain in Vojvodina, is one of the three Holy Mountains of the Orthodox Christianity (The other two being Athos and Sinai). There are as many as sixteen Orthodox monasteries located on Fruška Gora. During the Ottoman rule in the 16th and 17th centuries, the number of Orthodox monasteries on Fruška Gora was as high as 35. There are also two Orthodox monasteries in the part of Syrmia that belong to Belgrade (but which historically belonged to Vojvodina), three Orthodox monasteries in the Bačka, and seven in the Banat.
The roots of Christianity in this region are dated back to the 3rd century when the Episcopate of Syrmia was established. This Episcopate existed until 1183, when the region of Syrmia was included into the Catholic Kingdom of Hungary. The 11th century Bulgaro-Slavic rulers of the territory of the present-day Vojvodina region, Ahtum and Sermon, were Orthodox Christians.
The Orthodox population which lived in the region was an impediment to the establishment of the Catholic Church organization in the Medieval Kingdom of Hungary. The Catholic inquisitor, Jacob de Marki, tried in 1483 to force Orthodox Christians from the region to become Catholics.
With the Ottoman conquest of the region in the 16th century, the Catholic population mostly fled, and during the Ottoman rule, the population of the region was mostly composed of Orthodox Christians, with some Muslims living in the cities.
At the end of the 17th century, Muslim Ottoman Empire was replaced with the Catholic Habsburg Monarchy, and during the Habsburg rule many Catholic settlers come to the region. Catholics thus became the majority in the northern parts of the region, while Orthodox Christians remained the majority in the southern.
[edit] Catholic Christianity
The Catholic Christians constitute 19.11% of the population of the Vojvodina. The ethnic groups whose members are mostly adherents of the Catholic Christianity are: Hungarians, Croats, Bunjevci, Germans, Slovenians, Czechs, Šokci, Poles, Banat Bulgarians, etc. A smaller part of Roma, Yugoslavs, and Slovaks are also adherents of the Catholic Christianity. The ethnic Rusyns and a smaller part of the ethnic Ukrainians are adherents of the Eastern Catholic (Uniate) Church.
Catholic Christians are mostly concentrated in the northern part of the region, notably in the municipalities with Hungarian ethnic majority and in the multiethnic municipality of Subotica. The population of Subotica, the second largest city in the Vojvodina region, is composed of 63.02% Catholics.
The Catholic population which lived in the region during the time of the Medieval Kingdom of Hungary mostly fled from the region following the Ottoman conquest in the 16th century, and was replaced by Orthodox and Muslim inhabitants. A new Catholic population started to settle in the region with the establishment of Habsburg rule at the end of the 17th century. The 18th century colonizations were base for the current religious composition of the Vojvodina region, with the Catholic majority in the several northern municipalities.
[edit] Protestant Christianity
Protestant Christians makeup 3.55% of the population of the Vojvodina. Most of the ethnic Slovaks are adherents of the Protestant Christianity. Some members of other ethnic groups (especially Hungarians and Germans in proportional terms and Serbs in absolute terms) are also adherents of various forms of Protestant Christianity.
The largest concentration of the Protestant Christians in the Vojvodina is in the municipality of Bački Petrovac, where the majority of the population are ethnic Slovaks, most of them adherents of Protestant Christianity.
[edit] Islam
The ethnic groups whose members are mostly adherents of Islam are: Muslims by nationality, Albanians, Gorani, Bosniaks, Ashkali, and Egyptians. A smaller number of ethnic Roma are also adherents of Islam.
During the Ottoman rule (16th-18th centuries), the Muslim population of the region was quite large and was mostly concentrated in the cities. Many cities of the region thus had a majority Muslim populations, such as Sremska Mitrovica, which according to the 1566/69 data had a population composed of 592 Muslim and 30 Christian houses. According to the 1573 data, this city had 17 mosques and no Christian church. Following the establishment of the Habsurg rule at the end of the 17th and the beginning of the 18th century, the Muslim population fled from the region. The current Muslim inhabitants of the region are mostly 20th century settlers from the Muslim areas of the former Yugoslavia.
[edit] Judaism
As elsewhere in the world, the Judaism is primarily associated with ethnic Jews. Today numbering only 329 people in Vojvodina, the Jewish population of the region numbered about 19,000 before the World War II. As elsewhere in Axis-occupied Europe, those Jews who did not flee were mostly killed or deported in the war.
[edit] Other religions
The ethnic group that is primarily associated with Oriental religions are ethnic Chinese. A small number of the members of other ethnic groups are also adherents of various Oriental Cults, such as Hare Krishna and other.
