Reed Ghazala
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Reed Ghazala, an American author, photographer, composer, musician and experimental instrument builder, is recognized as the "Father of circuit bending," having discovered the technique in 1966, pioneered it, named it, and having taught it ever since. He has built experimental instruments for many prominent musicians and media companies including Tom Waits, Peter Gabriel, King Crimson, The Rolling Stones, and MTV, among others. Ghazala's work has been covered globally in the press and can be found being taught world-wide.
Ghazala's work is held in the permanent collections of New York City's Museum of Modern Art, The Guggenheim and The Whitney, as well as various galleries internationally. His influence upon creative electronic design is global, having originated the planet's first "grassroots electronic art movement." Reed's work with chance art (the root of circuit-bending) also involves studies in dye migration materials[1] and Japanese suminagashi[2], as well as liquid, gel and smoke chambers, mobiles and pyrotechnics.
[edit] History
Reed accidentally discovered the technique of circuit bending in the 1960's when he left a toy amplifier in his desk and heard it start to emit sounds comparable to those produced by expensive synthesizers of the day. The amplifier's casing had been opened, exposing its inner circuitry and allowing it to short circuit when placed against the metal desk. It is this chance aspect of bending that serves as the foundation of circuit-bending.
Since discovering circuit bending, Reed has built countless instruments. These mostly consist of electronic toys modified with the circuit bending technique and customized until they barely resemble the original product. Reed has produced numerous audio compositions with these instruments which have been featured on a large number of albums. He has also authored a series of literary works relating to and teaching the circuit bending process, including his book, published by Wiley & Sons, entitled, "Circuit-Bending - Make Your Own Alien Instruments".
