Rainier Beach, Seattle, Washington

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Rainier View

Rainier Beach is a set of neighborhoods in Seattle, Washington that are mostly residential. Also called Atlantic City, Rainier Beach can include Dunlap, Pritchard Island, and Rainier View neighborhoods.[1]

The neighborhood is located in the far southeastern corner of the city along Lake Washington. Its primary arterials are Rainier and Renton Avenues S (northwest- and southeast-bound).

Neighborhoods and boundaries are informal, sometimes overlapping; formal designations have not existed in Seattle since 1910. Rainier Beach blends with the Rainier Valley neighborhood of Dunlap (formerly Hillman City, also called Othello) on the north. On the east isLake Washington, and the South Beacon Hill neigborhood on the west. South Rainier Beach is Rainier View, bounded by S Bangor Street on the north, S Juniper Street on the south, 59th Avenue S on the east and 51st Avenue S on the west. Rainier Beach continues north from Rainier View; the Skyway and Bryn Mawr neighborhoods of unincorporated King County are on the south and east, respectively. The city of Tukwila abuts Rainier View on the west.

Contents

[edit] History

What is now Rainier Beach neighborhood has been inhabited since the end of the last glacial period (c. 8,000 B.C.E.—10,000 years ago). The Xacuabš (hah-chu-ahbsh, Lake People or People of the Large Lake) were related to, but distinct from, the Dkhw'Duw'Absh, People of the Inside, tribe of the Lushootseed (Skagit-Nisqually) Coast Salish Nations. Both are now (c. mid 1850s) of the Duwamish tribe. The Xacuabš village of tleelh-chus (little island) was, appropriately, on an island at the southwest shore of what is now called Lake Washington, at their trail through a valley that led to the villages of the Dkhw'Duw'Absh on salt water at Elliott Bay and the estuarial Duwamish River.[2] The Duwamish were dispossessed with the Treaty of Point Elliott of 1855. The trail became the route for driving livestock to the town of Seattle (1870s), the valley was renamed Rainier Valley, the island was renamed Young's Island (1883), then Pritchard Island (1900), the trail became the route of the Seattle and Rainier Beach Railway (1894), then the Seattle, Renton and Southern; the route became that of Rainier Avenue S (1937), the main road to Renton and on over Snoqualmie Pass until the then-innovative floating bridge of 1940 was opened at nearby Mount Baker neighborhood.

An electric trolley line came to Rainier Valley in 1891, to Columbia City; to Renton in 1896. Residential development began in earnest. An early sharp operator (beginning in 1896), Clarence D. Hillman, namesake of the nearby Hillman City neighborhood, designated Rainier Beach as the Atlantic City residential development (1905) after the New Jersey resort. He included a park area on the cove, built a pier, bath house, boat house, picnic facilities—and sold the land to multiple buyers when he got around to platting the properties snapped up by eager buyers attracted by the adjacent amenities, as well as allowing multiple street naming rights. The tangled street names were sorted out, the property was eventually returned to park purposes (c. 1912) and the park name has stuck. (Hillman was eventually caught and nominally convicted.) The interurban railway remained until 1936, when it was torn up to make way for automobiles.[3]

Of historic buildings, at least two survive. Emerson School (1909), Lakeridge, is an historic landmark, sitting on a hill over Rainier Beach. Emerson is nearly identical to Hawthorne and Greenwood schools, built at the same time, . All are brick in Jacobean style. The first public Kindergarten in Seattle opened in 1914 at Emerson School. A notable Emerson graduate was professional baseball player and manager Fred Hutchinson (1919-1964), remembered today with the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center.[4] Seattle Fire Department Firehouse #33 (1914), is an historic landmark. built for a single, horse-drawn fire engine. The modified Tudor style was fitted architecturally into the Lakeridge neighborhood (also known as Rainier View). The hose tower was built into the ground rather than built above the roof line. For the horses (1914-1924), the floor of the single equipment bay was sloped to reduce the starting jolt in responding to a fire alarm.[5]

Rainier beach joined Seattle by annexation in 1907. In 1917, the level of the lake was dropped abaut 9 feet with US Army Corps of Engineers construction of the Lake Washington Ship Canal, Pritchard Island (little island, 'tleelh-chus) became a peninsula, the sloughs (actually marshes) went dry. Post World War II, the area became urban.[1] With a sewer outfall near the beaches of Atlantic City Park and dramatic collapses in water quality in the 1950s, the neighborhood benefitted greatly with the Metro cleanup of Lake Washington in the 1960s.[6]

In the decades after World War II, crime gradually increased over years, then decades. Serious crime actually dropped 1993-1997, but the reputation was established. By 1997, neighbors were calling Seward Park Estates "New Jack City", after the 1991 Mario Van Peebles movie starring Wesley Snipes as a Harlem drug dealer. $22 million by public and private agencies in partnership transformed the slum into homes for 800 to 1,000 working-class residents. Years of high crime in the area allowed new home buyers to acquire reasonably-priced properties that had deteriorated. Community leaders attracted businesses with attractive rates on vacant properties. With high housing prices throughout the metropolitan area, southeast Seattle continues its gradual, sometimes fitful progress toward a desirable social stability. The neighborhood is almost evenly balanced between white, black, and Asian Pacific Islander (census of 1990).[1]

[edit] Public places and spaces

Rainier Beach has Be'ersheva Park (Atlantic City Park 1934-1978) and the Atlantic City Boat Ramp, Kubota Garden Park, Lakeridge Park, Fred Hutchinson Playground, and Deadhorse Canyon Natural Area. Too steep for houses in the 19th century, Lakeridge Park preserves 35.8 acres (14.2 ha) of Taylor Creek and Deadhorse Canyon.[7] Urban green spaces and restored natural places can not long survive the intense impact of urban life without due care and community stewardship. Neighborhood groups of citizen stewards of Rainier Beach creeks and woods provide public education and volunteer effort, together with the City Department of Neighborhoods and the Parks and Recreation Department.

Mapes Creek flows from a ridge in Rainier Beach through Kubota Garden Historical Landmark (1981) and Be'ersheva Park (formerly Atlantic City Park 1907-1977) to Lake Washington. The creek was largely spared the assault of urban development by the relative remoteness of its watershed through the frenzied boom development decades 1850-1910 and the efforts of the business of Master Gardener Fujitaro Kubota from 1927, interrupted by World War II Japanese American Internment, until his death in 1973. Fortuitous efforts of the Kubota family had continued to leave it relatively protected until enviromntental protection blossomed in the later 20th century. The garden is now maintained by the gardeners of the city Parks and Recreation department and by volunteers, largely from surrounding neighborhoods. The city purchased approximately 17 acres of adjacent land to remain as a natural area, thus protecting about 21.5 acres (8.7 hectares) of Mapes Creek and the headwaters ravine (1987).[8] The non-profit Kubota Garden Foundation (1990) provides stewardship to enhance and perpetuate the garden within the spirit and vision of its founder, in turn promoting understanding of Japanese gardening and philosophy in a uniquely syncretic Pacific Northwest Japanese American esthetic.[9]

Taylor Creek flows from Deadhorse Canyon (west of Rainier Avenue S at 68th Avenue S and northwest of Skyway Park), through Lakeridge Park to Lake Washington. With volunteer effort and some city matching grants, restoration has been underway since 1971. Volunteers have planted thousands of indigenous trees and plants, removed tons of garbage, removed invasive plants, and had city help removing fish-blocking culverts and improving trails.[10] Viable, daylighted streams can exist only in intimate connection with restoration and stewardship by the neighborhoods of their watersheds in a long run, since the good health of an urban stream could not long survive carelessness or neglect.[11] With impervious surfaces having replaced most of the natural ground cover in urban environments, both the sheer volume and flow rate from unmoderated stormwater and the carrying of non-point pollution converge through urban creeks. Effective solutions include the entire urban watershed, far beyond the riparian channel itself.[12] A deer has been spotted and sightings of raccoons, opossum and birds are common. By about 2050, the area will be looking like a young version of what it looked like before being disrupted. Taylor is one of the four largest streams in urban Seattle.[10]

[edit] See also

[edit] Notes and references

  1. ^ a b c Wilma (21 March 2001, Essay 3116)
  2. ^ (1) hah-choo-AHBSH [Dailey]
    (2) Dailey
  3. ^ (1) Dorpat (1997), ch. 59
    (2) Wilma (18 March 2001, Essay 3110)
  4. ^ Wilma (6 April 2001, Essay 3170)
  5. ^ Wilma (6 April 2001), Essay 3165)
  6. ^ Phelps, pp. 187–203
  7. ^ Sherwood
  8. ^ "A Short History of the Kubota Garden". Retrieved on 2006-06-06.
  9. ^ "The Kubota Garden Foundation Newsletter", Volume 16, Number 1, Spring/Summer 2006. Retrieved on 2006-06-06.
  10. ^ a b Dietrich
  11. ^ (1) "Thornton Creek Watershed". The Homewaters Project (n.d., 2006). Retrieved on 2006-04-21.
    (2) Dietrich
  12. ^ (1) "Natural Drainage Systems Overview". About SPU > Drainage & Sewer System > Natural Drainage Systems. Seattle Public Utilities (2003-12-03). Retrieved on 2006-06-06.
    (2) "Street Edge Alternatives (SEA Streets) Project Index". About SPU > Drainage & Sewer System > Natural Drainage Systems. Seattle Public Utilities (n.d.). Retrieved on 2006-06-06.

[edit] Bibliography


Seattle neighborhoods

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West Seattle is further divided into:

Alki · Arbor Heights · Delridge (Highland Park, High Point, North Delridge, Riverview, Roxhill, South Delridge) · Fairmount Park · Fauntleroy · Gatewood · Genesee · North Admiral · Seaview
Street layout of Seattle
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