RAF Menwith Hill
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RAF Menwith Hill is an intelligence-gathering base located approximately eight miles west of the town of Harrogate, UK, . Founded in the 1950s to monitor High Frequency radio communications, it has been operated since 1966 by the United States' National Security Agency (NSA), and has grown to become the world's largest intelligence-gathering ground station outside the US. Nominally a British Royal Air Force facility, only physical security and UK liaison functions are carried out by MoD personnel, the vast majority of the staff being British GCHQ and American NSA employees as well as U.S. military personnel. The base is also known as the NSA field station F83.
Up until 2003 the base had a Royal Navy equivalent nearby, HMS Forest Moor. This has since been decommissioned as a Naval base and is now run by civilian contractors with MoD assistance.
The base is highly recognisable by its several dozen radomes ('golf balls'), each containing a satellite dish. Many of these are used for signals interception from communications satellites and are commonly thought to be part of the ECHELON system. Other parts of the site are thought to be used by the Space Based Infrared System employed by the US National Missile Defence program. The latter use of the base, alongside the joint US/UK radar station at RAF Fylingdales was particularly controversial.
The base has attracted significant levels of protest from anti-Nuclear and pacifist groups. Some groups have, in an effort to disrupt and focus attention on the activities of the base, staged frequent infiltrations and vandalism to the various radomes.
[edit] See also
- List of RAF stations
- United States Air Forces in Europe
- United States Air Force in the United Kingdom
[edit] External links
- Intelligence Resource Program of Federation of American Scientists
- Yorkshire CND's Menwith Hill Site
- PhD Thesis about SIGINT activities at Menwith Hill and other UK sites
- Big Brother Capabilities in an Online World. State Surveillance in the Internet (academic dissertation)
- The Battle of Menwith Hill (Signals Intelligence and the 9/11 Attacks)
- RAF Menwith Hill on Google Maps
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| ACTIVE BASES: | RAF Alconbury (USAFE) • RAF Croughton (USAFE) • RAF Fairford (USAFE) • RAF Feltwell (USAFE) • RAF Lakenheath (SAC/USAFE) • RAF Menwith Hill (USAFE) • RAF Mildenhall (SAC/USAFE/AMC) • RAF Molesworth (SAC/USAFE) • RAF Upwood (USAFE) • RAF Welford (USAFE) |
| INACTIVE BASES: | RAF Bentwaters (USAFE) • RAF Burtonwood (AFMC) • RAF Chelveston (SAC/USAFE) • RAF Chicksands (USAFSS) • RAF Greenham Common (SAC/USAFE) • RAF Manston (USAFE) • RAF Sculthorpe (SAC) • RAF Shepherds Grove (USAFE) • RAF Upper Heyford (SAC/USAFE) • RAF Wethersfield (USAFE) • RAF Woodbridge (USAFE) |
| ACTIVE ORGANIZATIONS: | United States Air Forces in Europe • HQ Air Command Europe • 48th Fighter Wing (USAFE) • 100th Air Refueling Wing (USAFE) • 501st Combat Support Wing (USAFE) |
| PAST ORGANIZATIONS: | Third Air Force • Sixteenth Air Force |
