Raden Wijaya
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Raden Wijaya (also known as Kertarajasa Jayawardhana) (1293-1309) was the founder and first raja of the Majapahit Empire on Java, Indonesia. The story of his founding of Majapahit was written in several records, including Pararaton and Negarakertagama.
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[edit] Ancestry
Raden Wijaya was the son of Rakeyan Jayadarma, the 26th king of Sunda Galuh Kingdom, and Dyah Lembu Tal, a princess of Singhasari. Dyah Lembu Tal, also known as Dyah Singhamurti, was the great-granddaughter of Ken Arok, king of Singhasari (1222-1227) and Ken Dedes, by their son Mahisa Wonga Teleng, and his son Mahisa Campaka (Nara Singhamurti).
Rakeyan Jayadarma was the 26th king of the Sunda Galuh Kingdom, son of Prabu Guru Dharmasiksa, the 25th king. The territory of Sunda Galuh Kingdom was in the western part of Java, including the modern provinces of Banten, West Java, DKI Jakarta, and the western part of Central Java. The capital city of Sunda Galuh Kingdom was Pakuan (the modern city of Bogor).
[edit] Before the founding of Majapahit
After Rakeyan Jayadarma was poisoned by his brother, and died, Dyah Lembu Tal returned to her hometown with Raden Wijaya. Raden Wijaya was supposed to be the 27th king of Sunda Galuh Kingdom. Instead, he established his own kingdom, Majapahit, in the year of 1293, after the death of King Kertanegara of Singhasari, his father-in-law, and a cousin of his mother.
In Babad Tanah Jawi, Raden Wijaya was called Jaka Susuruh from Pajajaran.
In 1289, Kublai Khan sent a demand for tribute to the Kingdom of Singhasari, although the demand was refused by Kertanagara and the messenger was humiliated. Shortly after, there was a rebellion against Singhasari in the country of Jayakatwang. Kertanagara was killed in the attempt to put down the rebellion in 1292, and Raden Wijaya fled to Sumenap, Madura, along with the governor of that region, Aria Wiraraja. There, Raden Wijaya made a plan to establish a new kingdom. Wijaya promised that he would divide Java with Ariaraja if Ariaraja could help him overthrow Jayakatwang's Kediri kingdom.
Wiraraja's son Ranggalawe served as one of Wijaya's senapati (warlord) but in later days he would rebel against the new king. Other famous officers were Lembu Sora and Nambi, both also rebelled against Wijaya respectively after the founding of Majapahit kingdom.
[edit] Foundation of the Majapahit Empire
In November 1292, a Mongol force landed in Tuban, Bali, with the aim of revenge for Kertanagara's humiliation of the Mongol messenger. However, Kertanegara had already been killed. Raden Wijaya made an alliance with the Mongols with the aim of attacking Singhasari, which by this time had fallen under the power of Jayakatwang. Jayakatwang was defeated and destroyed in 1293, at which point Raden Wijaya attacked the Mongol force, forcing them to leave Java. Raden Wijaya then established the Majapahit Empire, taking the title Kertarajasa Jayawardhana, and establishing his palace in the area of Trowulan, which is now in Kabupaten Mojokerto, East Java.
[edit] Rule of Majapahit
Raden Wijaya was known as a firm and capable ruler. Aria Wiraraja who had been so useful during the period of the establishment of the Empire, was given Madura, which was granted a special status. He was also given an autonomous region around Lumajan and the Blambangan Peninsula, and his son, Nambi, was appointed Prime Minister.
Raden Wijaya was succeeded by his son, Jayanagara.
[edit] See also
- Parameswara, the founder of Malacca Sultanate, a descendant of Raden Wijaya.
| Preceded by — |
King of Majapahit 1294–1309 |
Succeeded by Jayanagara |
