Quintus Petillius Cerialis

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Quintus Petilius Cerialis Caesius Rufus (born c. 30) was a Roman general.

His name suggests that he was an adopted son of a Caesius family into the Petilii. His elder brother may have been Caesius Nasica. Cerialis was married to Flavia, oldest sister of Vespasian.

His first important assignment was as legate of the Roman legion VIIII Hispana in the Roman province of Britannia, under governor Gaius Suetonius Paulinus. He took part in the defeat of the 60/61 rebellion led by Queen Boudica of the Iceni, although he suffered a serious defeat when attempting to relieve the city of Camulodunum (Colchester), which was destroyed by the Britons.

As a relative of Vespasian, Vitellius made him a hostage during 69, during the civil wars of the Year of Four Emperors. Cerialis managed to escape and was one of the cavalry leaders that conquered Rome for the approaching Vespasian.

This success and his brother-in-law's trust gave him the command of XIIII Gemina, then stationed in the difficult province of Germania Inferior. Again, Cerialis had to deal with a local revolt, the Batavian rebellion, in which the local tribes, led by Julius Civilis, a romanized prince, besieged two Roman legions at Xanten. Cerialis was again successful and received honours from Vespasian.

In 71 Cerialis was appointed governor of Britain, bringing the II Adiutrix with him to the province. He was supported by Gnaeus Julius Agricola, commander of XX Valeria Victrix.

As governor, Cerialis campaigned against the Brigantes of northern England. In 74, Cerialis left Britain and returned to Rome as suffect consul. In 83 he was nominated consul for the second time, as a junior partner of the Emperor Domitian.

Tacitus says that he was a bold soldier rather than a careful general, and preferred to stake everything on the issue of a single engagement. He possessed natural eloquence of a kind that readily appealed to his soldiers. His loyalty to his superiors was unshakable.