Quietism

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Quietism is a term with multiple meanings and definitions:

• See the main article at Quietism (Christian philosophy). Quietism is a Christian philosophy that swept through France, Italy and Spain during the 17th century, but it had much earlier origins. The mystics known as Quietists insist with more or less emphasis on intellectual stillness and interior passivity as essential conditions of perfection; and all have been officially proscribed as heresy in very explicit terms by the Roman Catholic Church.

• Quietism, according to Schopenhauer, is a doctrine of selflessness leading to deliverance from suffering.

• Quietism is the term used to describe one of the phases which British Quakers went through, after their enthusiastic beginnings and as a result of the persecution on the restoration of the monarchy in 1660 and before the 19th century phase of evangelicalism.

• Quietism is a principal trend in Iraqi Shi'ism, which seeks to keep politics out of religion. This contrasts sharply with the Iranian Shi'a government, which, after taking power in 1979, marginalized and persecuted Iranian quietists in that country. Sh'ia traditions of non-involvement in politics create anomalies in modern Muslim culture: Grand Ayatollah Sistani of Iraq identifies himself as a follower of the quietist school of thought, despite his indirect but decisive role in most major Iraqi political decisions. [1] [2]. See Waliyat al-faqih and Islamic leadership

• Quietism can be used in a general sense to mean peace or tranquillity of mind; calmness; indifference; ataraxia; apathy; dispassion; indisturbance; inaction.

• Quietism is a subfield of legal realism which holds that since the way judges actually decide cases is by responding to the facts of each case, it makes no sense to give normative advice about what judges "ought" to do.