Qinghai
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| 青海省 Qīnghǎi Shěng |
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| Abbreviation(s): 青 (pinyin: Qīng) | |
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| Origin of name | From Mongolian Köke Nayur: Köke - green/blue Naγur - Lake "green lake" (Lake Qinghai) In Chinese: 青 qīng - green/blue 海 hǎi - sea "green sea" |
| Administration type | Province |
| Capital and Largest City |
Xining |
| CPC Qinghai Committee Secretary | Zhao Leji |
| Governor | Song Xiuyan |
| Area | 721,000 km² (4th) |
| Population (2004) - Density |
5,390,000 (30th) 7.48/km² (30th) |
| GDP (2004) - per capita |
CNY 46.57 billion (29th) CNY 8640 (19th) |
| HDI (2005) | 0.684 (27th) — medium |
| Major nationalities (2000) | Han - 54% Tibetan - 23% Hui - 16% Tu - 4% Salar - 1.8% Mongol - 1.8% |
| Prefecture-level divisions | 8 |
| County-level divisions | 43 |
| Township-level divisions (December 31, 2004) |
429 |
| ISO 3166-2 | CN-63 |
| Official website: http://www.qhinfo.com/head/ (Simplified Chinese) |
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| Source for population and GDP data: 《中国统计年鉴—2005》/ China Statistical Yearbook 2005 ISBN 7503747382 Source for nationalities data: 《2000年人口普查中国民族人口资料》/ Tabulation on nationalities of 2000 population census of China ISBN 7105054255 |
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Qinghai (Chinese: 青海; pinyin: Qīnghǎi; Wade-Giles: Ch'ing-hai; Postal map spelling: Tsinghai; Tibetan: མཚོ་སྔོན་ mtsho-sngon; Mongolian: Köke Naγur; Manchu: Huhu Noor) is a province of the People's Republic of China, named after the enormous Qinghai Lake. It borders Gansu on the northeast, the Xinjiang Autonomous Region on the northwest, Sichuan on the southeast, and Tibet Autonomous Region on the southwest.
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[edit] History
Most of Qinghai is part of the traditional provinces of Kham and Amdo of Tibet. It is the birthplace and home to many influential Tibetan figures in history, including Tsongkapa and many of the Dalai Lamas.
In 1928 it became a province of the then Republic of China.
[edit] Geography
Qinghai is located on the northeastern part of the Tibetan Plateau. The Yellow River (Huang He) originates in the middle of the province, while the Yangtze and Mekong have their sources in the southern part.
The average elevation of Qinghai is about 3000 metres above sea level. Mountain ranges include the Tangula Mountains and Kunlun Mountains. Its average temperature is approximately -5°c to 8°c, with January temperature ranging from -18.2°c to -7°c and July temperature ranging from 5°c to 21°c. It is also prone to heavy winds as well as sandstorms from February to April.
Qinghai Lake (Koko Nor) is the largest lake in the People's Republic of China.
[edit] Administrative divisions
Qinghai is divided into one prefecture-level city (Xining), one prefecture (Haidong Prefecture), and six autonomous prefectures: Haibei, Hainan, Huangnan, Golog, Gyêgu, and Haixi. All of these are in turn divided into four districts, two county-level cities, 30 counties, and seven autonomous counties.
See List of administrative divisions of Qinghai for a complete list of county-level divisions.
[edit] Economy
Qinghai's economy is amongst the smallest in all of China. Its nominal GDP for 2004 was just 46.57 billion RMB (5.78 billion USD) and contributes to a little over 0.3% of the entire country's economy. Per capita GDP was 7310 RMB (882 USD).
Its heavy industry includes iron and steel productions, located near its capital city of Xining. Oil and natural gas from the Chaidamu Basin have also been an important contributor to the economy.
[edit] Demographics
The province of Qinghai boasts a population of 5.2 million, among which the Han accounts for 54.5％. Other groups include the Tibetans 20.87%, Tu, Hui, Salar and Mongols.
[edit] Culture
Qinghai's culture is heavily influenced by Tibet, given the close proximity as well as a shared history.
Culturally speaking, the Tibetans of Qinghai are either Amdo or Kham Tibetans. The Amdo Tibetans distinguishes themselves from the Kham Tibetan and U-Tsang Tibetan in many aspects. For example, the Amdo Tibetan dialect retains many consonant clusters from Classical Tibetan that have been lost in Lhasa Tibetan dialect: in Lhasa these clusters are retained in spelling only. An analogy can be drawn with Chinese, with Mandarin being Lhasa Tibetan and Cantonese being Amdo Tibetan: like Cantonese, the Amdo dialect retains a pronunciation closer to the ancient tongue.
[edit] Transportation
The Lanqing Railway, running between Lanzhou, Gansu and Xining, the province's capital, was completed in 1959 and is the major transportation route in and out of the province. A continuation of the line, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway through Golmud, has become one of the most ambitious projects in PRC history. It has been completed in October 2005 and connects Tibet with the rest of China through Qinghai. Six National Highways run through the province. Xining Airport provides service to Beijing, Lanzhou, Golmud and Delingha.
[edit] Tourism
Many tourist attractions center on Xining, the provincial seat of Qinghai. Xining, a vibrant city of 700,000, is squeezed between a long valley, offering an amazing blend of culture from Tibetan, Hui, and other minorities along with the Han majority.
The city itself has many worthwhile stops, including the Great Mosque of Xining (qīngzhēn dà sì) and North Mountain Temple (bĕishān sì).
Outside of Xining lie two notable attractions:
The Kumbum Monastery (Tibetan: sKu 'bum dKon pa)(tă'ĕr sì) lies 30km outside of Xining, and likely any taxi from the city will get you there, but be sure to haggle for a decent price. The Monastery is one of the most important Yellow Hat Sect monasteries in the world, and also includes a Hall of Yak Butter Sculptures, which is not to be missed. Admission is 35RMB, and extra for guides who speak a variety of languages.
Qinghai Lake (qīnghăi hú) is another tourist attraction, albeit further from Xining than Kumbum. The lake is the largest saltwater lake in China, and is also located on the "Roof of the World," the Qinghai-Tibet plateau. The lake itself lies at 3,600m elevation. The surrounding area is made up of beautiful rolling grasslands and filled with Ethnic Tibetans, making for an authentic experience. Most pre-arranged tours will stop at Bird Island (niăo dăo), but check to make sure if admission is included in any tour package. A Tour from Xining, around the entire lake, and back with stops for lunch, shopping, and sightseeing can easily run 12 hours (more for Bird Island), so it may be wise to allot an entire day for this side trip. Each year an international bicycle race takes place from Xining to Qinghai lake.
Qinghai offers many outstanding travel opportunities. In this area of Historical Tibet, the local culture is a large draw. Many argue that due to Chinese governmental actions in the 'Tibetan Autonomous Region', Tibetan culture is actually much more intact in Yunnan, Sichuan, and Qinghai than in the current T.A.R.
[edit] External links
[edit] See also
| Province-level divisions administered by the People's Republic of China |  |
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| Provinces: | Anhui | Fujian | Gansu | Guangdong | Guizhou | Hainan | Hebei | Heilongjiang | Henan | Hubei | Hunan | Jiangsu | Jiangxi | Jilin | Liaoning | Qinghai | Shaanxi | Shandong | Shanxi | Sichuan | Taiwan (claimed) | Yunnan | Zhejiang | |
| Autonomous Regions: | Guangxi | Inner Mongolia | Ningxia | Tibet | Xinjiang | |
| Municipalities: | Beijing | Chongqing | Shanghai | Tianjin | |
| Special administrative regions: | Hong Kong | Macau | |
| See also: Political status of Taiwan and Taiwan Province (People's Republic of China) | ||
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