Pycnometer
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The pycnometer or pyknometer is a device used for measuring fluid density, also known as a specific gravity bottle. Uses an appropriate working fluid such as water or mercury to find a volume for use in Archimedes' principle. Used in ISO standard: ISO 1183-1:2004.
A pycnometer is a flask with a close-fitting ground glass stopper with a fine hole through it, so a given volume can be accurately obtained. The name comes from the Greek puknos, a word meaning "density." If the flask is weighed empty, full of water, and full of a liquid whose specific gravity is desired, the specific gravity of the liquid can easily be calculated. A sample in the form of a powder, to which the usual method of weighing cannot be used, can be put into the pycnometer. The weight of the powder and the weight of the displaced water can be determined, and from them the specific gravity of the powder.
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