Pryluky
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Pryluky (Ukrainian: Прилуки, Russian: Прилуки, Priluki) is a city located at on the Udai River in the Chernihiv Oblast, north-central Ukraine. Serving as the administrative center of the Prylutsky Raion (district), the city itself is also designated as a separate raion within the oblast. Its current population is estimated at 64,900 (as of 2001).
[edit] History
The city of Pryluky is situated along the steep bank of the Udai River. Archeological excavations have shown that a settlement on the territory of the present-day city dates back to the second millennium BC. According to one explanation, the city derived its name from its location, being situated on a turn in the river that looked like a bow when viewed from above. Another theory holds that the city's name connotes the idea of being situated “on floodplain meadows”.
Pryluky was first mentioned in 1085 by Prince Vladimir Monomakh in his Precepts To My Children. That year the city-fortress sheltered the prince and his entourage from the horde of Polovtsians and soon the prince's armed forces, strengthened by the Pryluky militia, routed the enemy. However, in 1092, the Polovtsians besieged Pryluky once again, killing all the defenders. They then massacred all the women and children and burned down the city to avenge their humiliating defeat in 1085. Later, the city was repeatedly plundered by eastern nomadic tribes and became an center of internecine wars between Russian princes. In 1239, Pryluky was destroyed by the Mongols; in 1362, the city was conquered by Lithuanian feudal lords. But the citizens always staunchly defended Pryluky, fighting for their freedom and dignity.
After the Lublin Union of 1569, according to which the city came under the rule of the Polish nobility, many inhabitants of Pryluky and nearby villages began to run away, seeking freedom in the vast Dnipro steppes. Oppressed peasants from other areas of central and eastern Ukraine took refuge there too. Settlements founded by the runaways in the late 15th-early 16th centuries occupied large territories in the vicinity of Kyiv and Cherkasy. Thus grew the Cossack community. Scared by the proliferation and popularity of Cossacks, Poland tried to suppress this spontaneous resistance but did so in vain. In the 17th century the Cossacks became the motive force of the national liberation movement in Ukraine and the name of the Cossack republic — Zaporizhska Sich — was well known and popular to the masses. The fertile soil of the Udai basin proved itself attractive not only to marauders, but also to hard-working people fleeing from backbreaking toil. The number of inhabitants of Pryluky and adjacent villages grew considerably in the 17th century. One of the documents kept in the archives of Stockholm, Sweden stated that there were 800 chimneys, i.e. 800 houses, in Pryluky in 1632. Assuming that each house accommodated at least six persons, about 5,000 people lived in the city at that time.
In 1648, Hetman Bohdan Khmelnytskiy introduced a new system of territorial-administrative division in Ukraine, having divided the country into regiments. Under this system the city of Pryluky became the military center of the Pryluky Regiment and Colonel Ivan Shkurat-Melnychenko was appointed its first commander. The regiment comprised about 2,000 Cossacks, who actively participated in many battles during the war of 1648-1654. For instance, the entire Pryluky Regiment of Cossacks, led by I. Shkurat, died fighting valiantly in the battle of Berestechko in 1651. The Pryluky Regiment, under Colonel Yakiv Voronchenko, demonstrated thorough military prowess in defeating a large Polish unit in June 1652. The regiment also took part in campaigns against Poland and Turkey.
Girded with a high rampart surmounted by guns, the city of Pryluky looked quite formidably at the time. However, in the second half of the 18th century, the border was moved far to the south for political and military reasons and the necessity for fortified cities like Pryluky disappeared. Olexandr Yakubovych was the last colonel of Pryluky. In 1781, the Cossack regime was abolished in Ukraine and Pryluky became a district center in the Chernihiv region. Between 1802 and1932 it was a district center of the Poltava region and since 1932 it has been a city within the Chernihiv region. During the Holocaust, the majority of its Jews were gathered in the town square, doused with kerosene, and ignited. Pryluky is on the list of Ukraine's oldest cities, and in 1995 it was entered in the register of Ukrainian historical cities. Under the auspices of the “Innovations in Cultural Development of the Regions” program, the Pryluky local government is taking measures to restore old folk art traditions as well as seeking historical and architectural records of the city. City inhabitants hope that with time, Pryluky will become a part of the Golden Ring of the Chernihiv Region tour.
[edit] Sights
The oldest civil building in the town is the former chancellory and sacristy of the Pryluky Cossack Regiment. Apart from the diminutive Baroque church of St. Nicholas (1720), the town possesses two cathedrals. The old five-domed cathedral was built by Cossacks in the 1710s and 1720s in a simplified brand of Mazepa Baroque. The new Neoclassical cathedral (1806) has one cupola and is dedicated to the Nativity of the Theotokos.
[edit] External link
- Pryluky in the Encyclopedia of Ukraine
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Subdivisions of Chernihiv Oblast, Ukraine |  |
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Raions: Bakhmatskyi | Bobrovytskyi | Borznianskyi | Chernihivskyi | Horodnianskyi | Ichnianskyi | Koriukivskyi | Koropskyi | Kozeletskyi | Kulykivskyi | Menskyi | Nizhynskyi | Nosivskyi | Novhorod-Siverskyi | Prylutskyi | Ripkynskyi | Semenivskyi | Shchorskyi | Sosnytskyi | Sribnianskyi | Talalayivskyi | Varvynskyi |
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Cities: Bakhmach | Bobrovytsia | Borzna | Chernihiv | Horodnia | Ichnia | Koriukivka | Mena | Nizhyn | Nosivka | Novhorod-Siverskyi | Oster | Pryluky | Schors | Semenivka |
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Urban-type settlements: Korop | Kozelets | Kulykivka | Ripky | Sosnytsia | Sribne | Talalayivka | Varva | more... |
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Villages: more... |
