Prince Kan'in Kotohito
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| HIH Prince Kanin Kotohito | |
|---|---|
| 10 November 1865 – 21 May 1945 | |
 His Imperial Highness Prince Kan'in Kotohito |
|
| Place of birth | Kyoto, Japan |
| Place of death | Tokyo, Japan |
| Allegiance | Empire of Japan |
| Years of service | 1877–1940 |
| Rank | Field Marshal |
| Commands | Imperial Japanese Army |
| Battles/wars | First Sino-Japanese War Russo-Japanese War |
| Awards | Order of Merit Order of the Golden Kite (2nd Class) Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum. |
His Imperial Highness Prince Kan'in (Kotohito) (閑院宮載仁親王 Kan'in-no-miya Kotohito Shinnō?) OM of Japan (10 November 1865 - 21 May 1945), was the 6th head of a cadet branch the Japanese imperial family, and a career army officer who served as chief of staff of the Imperial Japanese Army from 1931 to 1940.
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[edit] Early Years
Prince Kotohito was born in Kyoto on 10 November 1865 as the sixteenth son of Prince Fushimi Kuniye (1802 - 1875). His father was twentieth head of the Fushimi-no-miya, one of the four shinnōke, branches of the Imperial Family which were eligible to succeed to the Chrysanthemum Throne if the main line should die out. Since the infant mortality rate in the main imperial house was quite high, Emperor Komei, the father of Emperor Meiji, adopted Prince Kotohito as a potential heir. Prince Kotohito was thus the adopted brother of HIM Emperor Meiji and a great uncle to both Emperor Shōwa and his consort, Empress Kōjun.
Prince Kotohito was initially sent to the Sambo-in imperial temple at the age of three to be raised as a monk, but was selected in 1872 to revive the Kan'in-no-miya, another of the shinnōke households, which had gone extinct upon the death of the fifth head, Prince Naruhito.
[edit] Marriage & family
On 19 December 1891, Prince Kotohiko married Sanjo Chieko (30 January 1872 - 19 March 1947), a daughter of Prince Sanjo Santetomi. The couple had seven children: five daughters and two sons:
- HIH Princess Kan'in Yukiko (b. 13 May 1896)
- HIH Prince Kan'in Sumuhito
- HIH Princess Kan'in Shigeko (b. 29 May 1897)
- HIH Prince Kan'in Haruhito (b. 3 August 1902)
- HIH Princess Kan'in Hiroko (21 February 1906 – 1 September 1923)
- HIH Princess Kan'in Hanako (b. 30 June 1909)
[edit] Military Career
Prince Kotohito entered the Imperial Japanese Army Academy in 1877 and graduated in 1881. Emperor Meiji sent him to France in 1882 to study military tactics and technology. He graduated from the Army Staff College in 1894, specializing in cavalry. He was a veteran of the First Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895) and the Russo-Japanese War (1904-05). The Prince rose to the rank of lieutenant general in 1905 and became the commander of the First Infantry Division in 1906, and the Imperial Guard Division in 1911. He rose to the rank of full general and became a Supreme War Councilor in 1912. He was promoted to become the youngest field marshal in the Japanese Imperial Army in 1919.
[edit] Political Career
In 1921, he accompanied then-Crown Prince Hirohito on his tour of Europe. Field Marshal Prince Kan'in Kotohito became chief of the Army General Staff on 1 December 1931, replacing General Kanaya Hanzo.
Prince Kan'in, among others within the army, opposed Prime Minister Yonai Mitsumasa's efforts to improve relations with the United States and the United Kingdom. He forced the resignation of War Minister General Hata Shunroku (1879-1962), thus bringing down the Yonai cabinet in July 1940. Prince Kan'in was a participant in the Liaison Conferences between the military chiefs of staff and the second cabinet of Prince Konoe Fumimaro (June 1940 - July 1941). Both he and Lieutenant General Tojo Hideki, the newly appointed War Minister, supported the Tripartite Pact between Japan, Nazi Germany, and Fascist Italy.
The Prince retired as chief of the General Staff on 3 October 1940 and was succeeded by Sugiyama Hajime. He remained a member of the Supreme War Council and a senior advisor to the emperor on army matters. Field Marshal Prince Kan'in died in Tokyo, possibly due to an infection due to inflamed hemorrhoids on 21 May 1945 and was accorded a state funeral.
Prince Kan'in was a strong supporter of State Shintoism. With Kiichiro Hiranuma he set up the "Shintoist Rites Research Council" to research all ancient Shinto rites and practices. Other associates were Kuniaki Koiso, Heisuke Yanagawa, who directed the Taisei Yokusankai and Chikao Fujisawa, member of the Diet of Japan, who proposed a law that Shinto should be reaffirmed as Japan's state religion.
His only son, Prince Kan'in Haruhito, succeeded him as the seventh and last head of the Kan'in-no-miya household.
His decorations included the Grand Order of Merit, Order of the Golden Kite (1st Class), and the Collar of the Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum.
[edit] Gallery
 HIH Princess Kan'in Chieko |
 HIH Prince Kan'in Kotohito with Princess Yukiko and Prince Haruhito.jpg |
 HIH Prince Kan'in Haruhito |
 HIH Princess Kan'in Chieko with Princesses Shigeko, Hiroko and Hanako |
 HIH Princess Kan'in Hanako |
[edit] References
- Dupuy, Trevor N. The Harper Encyclopedia of Military Biography. New York: HarperCollins Publishers Inc., 1992. ISBN 0-7858-0437-4
- Fujitani,T. Splendid Monarchy: Power and Pageantry in Modern Japan. University of California Press; Reprint edition (1998). ISBN: 0520213718
- Jansen, Marius B. The Making of Modern Japan. Cambridge: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2000.
[edit] External links
- Generals from Japan [1]
