Primum Mobile
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In medieval and Renaissance astronomy, the Primum Mobile is a heavenly sphere in the geocentric model of the universe. Astronomers believed that the naked eye planets were carried around the spherical Earth on invisible orbs. Beyond them was the sphere of fixed stars, then the Primum Mobile, and last the Empyrean.
The total number of spheres was not always the same. In this 16th-century illustration, the firmament (sphere of fixed stars) is eighth; the sphere of the zodiac is ninth, and the Primum Mobile is tenth. Outside all is the Empyrean, the "habitation of God and all the elect."
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