Powder-actuated

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Powder-actuated tools are fastening devices (often referred to as a "nail gun") used in the construction and manufacturing industries to join materials to hard substrates like steel and concrete.

Also known as "direct fastening," this technology relies on a controlled explosion created by igniting a small, gunpowder charge, similar to the process that activates a firearm. Unlike firearms, however, most powder-actuated tools in use today are considered to be low-velocity, which means that the explosion of the charge does not act directly upon the fastener (as it does on the projectile in a firearm). Instead, powder-actuated tools employ a piston positioned between the firing chamber and the fastener that transfers the force of the explosion and strikes the head of the fastener. Generally speaking, a powder-actuated tool is considered to be low-velocity if the average test velocity of the fastener does not exceed 492 feet per second.

Powder-actuated fasteners are usually nails made of high-quality, hardened steel, although there are many specialized fasteners designed for specific applications in the construction and manufacturing industries.

Powder-actuated technology was developed for commercial use during the Second World War, when high-velocity fastening systems were used to temporarily repair damage to ships. In the case of hull breach, these tools would be used to fasten a plate of steel over the damaged area.

Manufacturers of powder-actuated tools and fasteners include Hilti, ITW, Powers, Ramset, Simpson and Remington.