Potential gradient

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A potential gradient is the local space rate of change of the potential.

In electrostatics then, it is the local space rate of change of the electric potential:

\mathbf{E} = - \delta V / \delta s[1]

Units are volts per meter (V/m). The electric field is the same as the potential gradient but with opposite sign.

In biology, the net difference in electric charge across a cell membrane.

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