Polyphonie X
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Polyphonie X is a composition for eighteen instruments by Pierre Boulez written in 1950-51. It is in three movements. The piece is generally considered the apex of Boulez' total serial period. The title is often misinterpreted as having algebraic significance; in fact, the X is intended as a purely graphical symbol, implying the crossing of musical parameters which takes place in the score.
The work has only been performed twice; reportedly Boulez was so disappointed when he heard a recording of the premiere that he immediately withdrew the work, intending eventually to subject it to a thoroughgoing revision. As of 2005 this has not happened, and the piece remains unpublished. Two recordings of Polyphonie X exist; one of the premiere by the Sinfonieorchester Baden-Baden conducted by Hans Rosbaud, another by the symphony orchestra of the RAI conducted by Bruno Maderna (first movement only).
The piece was written at the same time as Boulez's piano duo, Structures I.