Poly ADP ribose polymerase
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Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is a protein involved in a number of cellular processes involving mainly DNA repair and programmed cell death.
Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerases are proteins involved in many processes in the cell. These enzymes have the capacity to make a polymer of ADP-ribose (PAR) from NAD (nicotinamide binucleotide). The polymer can be degraded by a specialized enzyme named PARG(poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase). Another newly discovered enzyme can degrade PAR and is unrelated to PARG. This enzyme is called ARH3. The PARP family comprises 17 members (10 putative). PARP-1, PARP-2, PARP-3, VPARP (PARP-4), Tankyrase-1 and 2 (PARP-5a and PARP-5b) and PARP-10 have a confirmed PARP activity. They have all very different structures and functions in the cell. For instance the tankyrases are PARPs that comprise ankyrin repeats and oligomerization domain (SAM). Therefore they can oligomerize and interact with many other proteins through these domains (TAB182, Grb14, IRAP, NuMa, EBNA-1, Mcl-1).
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