Po' boy
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- This article is about a traditional sandwich. For the traditional blues song, see Poor Boy Blues.
A po' boy (also po-boy, po boy, or poor boy) is a traditional submarine sandwich from Louisiana. It consists of meat or seafood, usually fried, served on a baguette (in the US usually referred to as French bread).
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[edit] Preparation
A key thing that differentiates a po' boy from subs, heroes, and grinders is the bread. Louisiana French bread is different from the traditional baguette, which is much denser and chewier, generally attributed to the high ambient humidity causing the yeast to be more active. It also differs from the bread usually used for sub-style sandwiches in the rest of the country, which has a soft exterior. The crust of Louisiana French bread is very crispy--so much so that it is difficult to eat without leaving crumbs. But the interior is very light and airy, often less dense than regular white bread.
Typically, French bread comes in two foot long "sticks". Standard sandwich sizes might be a half Po' boy, about six inches long (called a "Shorty" at Uglesich's), and a full Po' boy at about a foot long. But they can be prepared in longer and shorter versions for group events.
Standard options include ham and turkey with or without cheese. These are normally served cold, although the bread may be briefly toasted. The roast beef po' boy is always served hot with gravy, known as "debris" because it is made with pieces of meat that fall in as the roast cooks. At Mother's Restaurant in New Orleans, one can see the pans in which the ham and beef is roasted and from which the debris is made. They also offer the Ferdi Special, combining roast ham and roast beef. Other common po' boys are meatball (usually served with tomato gravy) and hot sausage.
Seafood versions are served hot and include fried shrimp, oysters, crawfish, trout, softshell crab, and/or catfish.
A unusual version, more common in the past than today, is the french fry po' boy. Made with fried potatoes and served with debris gravy, it was a less expensive option to meat.
"Darlin', you want dat dressed, or what?" is still a question you can hear from a New Orleans waitress or counterperson. A "dressed" po' boy has lettuce, tomato and pickles, mayonnaise and onion optional. Non-seafood po' boys will also usually have mustard, but the customer is expected to specify whether they want "hot" or "regular"--the former being a coarse grained Creole mustard (such as produced by Zatarain's) and the latter being American yellow mustard. Mother's Restaurant, a popular lunch stop in New Orleans off Poydras St., uses shredded green cabbage rather than lettuce for its dressed sandwiches.
The sandwich was featured on the PBS special Sandwiches That You Will Like.
[edit] Etymology
The term “po' boy” was coined in a New Orleans restaurant owned by Benny and Clovis Martin, a former streetcar conductor. In 1929, during a four-month strike against the streetcar company, Martin served his former colleagues free sandwiches. Martin’s restaurant workers jokingly referred to the strikers as “poor boys”, and soon the sandwiches themselves took on the name. In Louisiana dialect, this is naturally shortened to "po' boy."
In his book The Art of the Sandwich, Jay Harlow suggests that the name "po' boy" comes from the French pour boire or "peace offering," which stems from when men would come home after a night on the town, bringing an oyster loaf as a peace offering.
Harlow's account seems to conflate two other stories about the origins of the term "poor boy". The French word pourboire literally means "to drink" and translates as the tip one leaves a serving person or a delivery boy. These tips could be used to buy a small sandwich, which became known as poor boys. A variation on this story is that the tips were "for the boy" rendered in a Franglais mixture as "pour le boy".
A Peace Maker was the name for an oyster loaf--a whole loaf of French Bread, split, hollowed out, and buttered, loaded with fried oysters and garnished with lemon juice and sliced pickles. That was the traditional peace offering upon returning home late.
[edit] The New Orleans Po'Boy Shop
The national and international reputation of New Orleans cooking is largely based on its grand restaurants (see Louisiana Creole cuisine). But it is the po' boy that has had the greatest day-to-day impact on the local diet, even in the era of modern fast food. Many people still have it at least once or twice a week--it is eaten for lunch more than any other single dish. Po'boys are made at home, sold pre-packaged in convenience stores, available at the deli counter in most grocery stores, and make up a sizeable percentage of the menu options at most neighborhood restaurants.
The most basic New Orleans restaurant is the po' boy shop. In theory, it need not be much different than a sandwich shop in any other city, with little or no on-premise cooking. The debris gravy for roast beef needs to be kept hot, but that could be done in an electric warmer. Classic examples are Frank's on Decatur Street, which for many years just sold muffalettas, cold po' boys, and a hot roast beef or a hot pastrami po' boy and Mother's on Poydras Street.
But these same basic offerings were also available at most corner grocery stores. The next step up for a shop was to offer seafood po' boys and this meant having a stove (or fryer) and having someone who could fry seafood. And if you were frying fish, and shrimp, and oysters for sandwiches, it didn't take much extra to fry them for seafood plates. And if you had a stove for cooking seafood, it didn't take much extra to also offer Red beans and rice and Jambalaya. Many of the classic New Orleans neighborhood restaurants are in this mold offering po' boys, seafood platters, and a number of basic Creole dishes: Liuzza's, Domilise's, Parasol's, Frankie and Johnnies.
Two restaurants in this tradition merit special attention. The first is Dooky Chase's, which originally opened as a po' boy shop. Over the years, Miss Leah's cooking evolved and the restaurant expanded, becoming one of the most celebrated in the country. It is one of the few restaurants to span the gulf between neighborhood joint and grand dame. The second is Uglesich's, a small restaurant housed in a more-or-less falling down corner store in New Orleans Central City. Only ever open for lunch, it was for many years a workingman's restaurant serving po' boys and fresh shucked oysters. But the fried seafood (cooked to order in cast iron kettles on a stove) was consistently some of the best in the city. Over time Mr. Anthony began to draw on his Yugoslavian heritage combining it with inspiration from other restaurants in the city to create new dishes--Trout Muddy Waters, Shrimp Uggie, Fried Mirliton with Shrimp Remoulade--which have drawn national attention. The restaurant closed on May 6, 2005 with the retirement of Anthony and Gail Uglesich.
[edit] Variations
Authentic versions of Louisiana style po' boys can be found along the northern Gulf of Mexico coast--from Houston through the Florida panhandle. The term "po' boy" has spread further and can be found on the Eastern seaboard and in California, but may to refer to a variations on the local submarine sandwich, perhaps made with fried shrimp or oysters.
[edit] Other Meanings
Po-boy is also a descriptive name for a domestic dog whose shape resembles that of the sandwich.
