Pectus excavatum

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**Pectus excavatum**
*Classifications and external resources*

An example of a severe case.
ICD-10	Q 67.6
ICD-9	754.81
DiseasesDB	29401

Pectus excavatum is a congenital deformity (often present at birth) of the sternum, which is depressed into the chest, resulting in a "caved-in" or sunken appearance.

The deformity is often incorrectly considered by doctors to be a cosmetic rather than functional problem, but recent studies have shown cases where pectus excavatum has impaired cardiac and respiratory function, and sometimes caused pain in the chest and back.^[1] Untreated patients, especially youths, can experience negative psychosocial effects throughout their lives, avoiding activities where a shirt is not worn.

The condition usually progresses during the time of rapid bone growth in the early teenage years. Estimates for the prevalence of this condition range from one in 150 to 1000 children. Though the cause is not certain, the male/female ratio is 3 to 1, and occurrences of the condition in family members have been reported in 35% to 45% of cases.^[2] ^[3] These features suggest a genetic component may be involved, although some authorities believe the condition occurs in a sporadic fashion.^[4] Incidence is especially high among patients with inherited connective tissue disorders such as Marfan syndrome.

Pectus excavatum is sometimes referred to as "cobbler's chest", "funnel chest", "chicken chest", "pigeon chest", "sunken chest", or "chest bowl".

1 Treatment
2 See also
3 References
4 External links

[edit] Treatment

Surgical correction has been shown to repair any functional symptoms that may occur in the condition, such as respiratory problems, provided that permanent damage has not already arisen from an extremely severe case.^[5]

The Ravitch technique is an invasive surgery that was developed in the 1950s to treat the condition. It involves cracking the ribs along the sternum, and reshaping the breastbone, cartilage, and ribs. It is usually kept in place with an apparatus worn around the chest. This method, because it is so invasive, is usually only recommended for adults or teenagers whose sternum has already hardened.

Since then, Dr. Donald Nuss, based at Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters (CHKD) in Norfolk, Virginia, has developed a technique that is minimally invasive. The Nuss procedure involves slipping in one or more concave steel bars into the chest, underneath the sternum. The bar is flipped to a convex position so as to push outward on the sternum, correcting the deformity. The bar usually stays in the body for about two years, and when the bones have solidified into place, the bar is removed through outpatient surgery.

A less invasive method has been developed by the medical university Erlangen, Germany. This method allows patients to leave hospital about 8-10 days after the operation. The Erlangen method corrects the condition by detaching the sternum from the ribs, with a metal bar then being pushed in from the side to keep the sternum in the required position. Full details of the Erlangen method. All sports can usually played again three months after the operation, the metal bar will be removed roughly a year after surgery - it's just pulled out from the side and the patient usually can go home the morning after. Medical High School Erlangen - in English. Erlangen has more than 50 years expertise in correcting this condition and is as such the leading centre in Germany for treating this condition.

Pectus excavatum can also reportedly be treated with a dermal filler called Bio-Alcamid®.

Mild cases have reportedly been treated with corset-like orthopedic support vests and exercise. ^[6]