PAVE PAWS

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Coverage of PAVE PAWS is show in blue. This complements the coverage provided by the BMEWS system in red. Both report back to Cheyenne Mountain Air Base in Colorado.

The PAVE PAWS Radar at Clear AFS, Alaska

PAVE PAWS is an United States' Air Force Space Command radar system operated by three 21st Space Wing squadrons for missile warning and space surveillance. Operational PAVE PAWS radars are located at:[1]

Cape Cod Air Force Station, Massachusetts. Operated by 6th Space Warning Squadron, (41°45′08″N, 70°32′17″W)
Beale AFB, California. Operated by 7th Space Warning Squadron, (39°08′10″N, 121°21′03″W)
Clear Air Force Station, Alaska. Operated by 13th Space Warning Squadron, (64°18′01″N, 149°11′23″W). Scheduled to become a PAVE PAWS site from being a BMEWS site in 2001.[2]

In addition, two other facilities were shuttered by the Air Force in 1995: Robins Air Force Base, Warner Robins, Georgia (32°34′52″N, 83°34′09″W), and Eldorado, Texas (30.979° N 100.554° W).

PAVE is an Air Force program name, while PAWS stands for Phased Array Warning System.^[1] PAVE has also been defined as an acronym for Precision Acquisition Vehicle Entry, but that is likely a backronym created to explain the program name. The radar, developed by Raytheon, is used primarily to detect and track sea-launched (SLBM) and intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs).

The system also has a secondary mission of Earth-orbiting satellite detection and tracking. Information received from the PAVE PAWS radar systems pertaining to SLBM/ICBM and satellite detection is forwarded to the U.S. Strategic Command’s Missile Correlation (formerly Missile Warning) and Space Control Centers at Cheyenne Mountain Air Station, Colorado. Data is also sent to the National Military Command Center and to U.S. Strategic Command's Command Center at Offutt AFB, Nebraska.

1 Features
2 Background
3 See also
4 References
5 External links

[edit] Features

A Radar screen for the PAVE PAWS at Cape Cod AFS, 1986.

An aspect of this radar, as is commonly used in defence systems now, is the phased array antenna technology. This system differs from a mechanical radar, which must be physically aimed at an object in space to detect and/or track it. The phased array antenna is in a fixed position and is part of the exterior building wall. Phased array antenna aiming, or beam steering, is done rapidly by electronically controlling the timing, or phase, of the incoming and outgoing signals. Controlling the phase through the many segments of the antenna system allows the beam to be quickly projected in different directions. This greatly reduces the time necessary to change the beam direction from one point to another, allowing almost simultaneous tracking of multiple targets while maintaining the surveillance responsibility. The large fixed antenna array through its better beam focusing improves system sensitivity and tracking accuracy.

Phased array radars are also commonly found on US Navy ships (the Aegis system), and in the US Army's Patriot air defense missile system.

[edit] Background

A Computer room for PAVE PAWS at Cape Cod AFS, 1986. Note the four large hard disk units in the foreground.

A phased array antenna, as with any other directional antenna, will receive signals from space only in the direction in which the beam is aimed. The maximum practical deflection on either side of antenna center of the phased array beam is 60 degrees. This limits the coverage from a single antenna face to 120 degrees. To provide surveillance across the horizon, the building housing the entire system and supporting the antenna arrays is constructed in the shape of a triangle. The two building faces supporting the arrays, each covering 120 degrees, will monitor 240 degrees of azimuth. The array faces are also tilted back 20 degrees to allow for an elevations deflection from three to 85 degrees above horizontal. The radar system is capable of detecting and monitoring a great number of targets that would be consistent with a massive SLBM attack. The system must rapidly discriminate between vehicle types, calculating their launch and impact points in addition to the scheduling, data processing and communications requirements. The operation is entirely automatic, requiring people only for monitoring, maintenance and as a final check of the validity of warnings. Three different computers communicate with each other from the heart of the system, which relays the information to Cheyenne Mountain AS.

Note: Original public domain text taken from http://www.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?fsID=168